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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can have a...
Weighted Mean00:57

Weighted Mean

While taking the arithmetic, geometric, or harmonic mean of a sample data set, equal importance is assigned to all the data points. However, all the values may not always be equally important in some data sets. An intrinsic bias might make it more important to give more weightage to specific values over others.
For example, consider the number of goals scored in the matches of a tournament. While computing the average number of goals scored in the tournament, it may be more important to...
Midpoint Rule01:20

Midpoint Rule

Approximating areas under curved boundaries is a common problem in applied mathematics, particularly when an exact calculation is difficult or impractical. One effective numerical method for this purpose is the Midpoint Rule, which provides an estimate of the area under a curve by using rectangular approximations over a specified interval.Description of the Midpoint RuleThe Midpoint Rule begins by dividing the given interval into a number of equal subintervals. For each subinterval, the...
Arithmetic Mean01:08

Arithmetic Mean

The arithmetic mean is the most commonly used measure of the central tendency of a data set. It is defined as the sum of all the elements constituting the data set, divided by the total number of elements. It is sometimes loosely referred to as the “average.”
When all the values in a data set are not unique, the sum in the numerator can be calculated by multiplying each distinct value by its frequency.
Sometimes, the arithmetic mean of a sample can be affected by a few data points that are...
The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic01:25

The Anchoring-and-Adjustment Heuristic

In order to make good decisions, we use our knowledge and our reasoning. Often, this knowledge and reasoning is sound and solid. However, sometimes, we are swayed by biases or by others manipulating a situation. For example, let’s say you and three friends wanted to rent a house and had a combined target budget of $1,600. The realtor shows you only very run-down houses for $1,600 and then shows you a very nice house for $2,000. Might you ask each person to pay more in rent to get the $2,000...
Average Value of a Function01:17

Average Value of a Function

The average value of a function over a closed interval can be interpreted geometrically as the height of a rectangle whose area equals the net area under the curve across that interval. This net area accounts for both positive and negative contributions of the function, providing a single representative value that reflects the function’s overall behaviorA practical illustration of this idea arises when monitoring the temperature inside a greenhouse over a twenty-four-hour period. Although the...

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Related Experiment Videos

Retraction Note: Multiple attribute decision making based on Pythagorean fuzzy Aczel-Alsina average aggregation

Tapan Senapati1, Guiyun Chen1, Radko Mesiar2,3

  • 1School of Mathematics and Statistics, Southwest University, Beibei, 400715 Chongqing China.

Journal of Ambient Intelligence and Humanized Computing
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This article has been retracted. The original study is no longer considered valid scientific literature.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Scientific publishing
  • Retraction notices

Background:

  • This entry serves as a retraction notice.
  • It invalidates the content of a previously published article.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To formally retract the article.
  • To inform the scientific community of the retraction.

Main Methods:

  • The retraction is based on undisclosed reasons.
  • Formal procedures for article retraction were followed.

Main Results:

  • The article identified by DOI: 10.1007/s12652-022-04360-4 has been retracted.
  • All findings and conclusions within the article are nullified.

Conclusions:

  • The retracted article should not be cited or referenced.
  • This retraction ensures the integrity of the scientific record.