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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Establishment of a High-throughput Setup for Screening Small Molecules That Modulate c-di-GMP Signaling in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
11:31

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Published on: June 30, 2016

Shigella's c-di-GMP specific PDEs Modulate Biofilm and Virulence Phenotypes.

Candice N Churaman1, Benecia Angelica1, Andrew W Thompson1,2,3

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo MI, USA.

Biorxiv : the Preprint Server for Biology
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Shigella uses cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) phosphodiesterases (PDEs) to control its behavior. This study shows these PDEs regulate c-di-GMP levels, impacting Shigella's virulence, biofilm formation, and antibiotic susceptibility.

Keywords:
Shigella flexneribiofilmc-di-GMPintracellular pathogenlipid metabolismspecific c-di-GMP phosphodiesterasesvirulence

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10:05

Bile Salt-induced Biofilm Formation in Enteric Pathogens: Techniques for Identification and Quantification

Published on: May 6, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacterial Pathogenesis
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Shigella, an intracellular pathogen, must overcome host defenses to cause disease.
  • The secondary messenger cyclic di-GMP (c-di-GMP) regulates diverse bacterial behaviors, including virulence and biofilm formation.
  • c-di-GMP levels are controlled by diguanylate cyclases (DGCs) and c-di-GMP specific phosphodiesterases (PDEs).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of Shigella's c-di-GMP specific PDEs in regulating c-di-GMP turnover.
  • To determine the impact of these PDEs on biofilm formation, virulence, and intracellular c-di-GMP levels.
  • To explore how PDE activity influences bacterial cell size, gene expression, and antibiotic susceptibility.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic manipulation: Knockout of each of Shigella's six c-di-GMP specific PDEs.
  • Phenotypic analysis: Assessment of biofilm formation, virulence, and bacterial cell size.
  • Molecular analysis: Measurement of intracellular c-di-GMP levels, transcriptome analysis, and lipid metabolism profiling.

Main Results:

  • Shigella PDEs negatively regulate c-di-GMP levels.
  • PDEs modulate Shigella's virulence and biofilm characteristics.
  • Deletion of pdeB (a specific PDE) reduced expression of virulence genes (ipgD, ipgE) and altered lipid metabolism, including stearic acid levels.
  • Altered PDE expression affected bacterial cell size and antibiotic susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • Shigella's c-di-GMP specific PDEs are crucial negative regulators of c-di-GMP turnover.
  • These PDEs play a significant role in modulating Shigella's virulence, biofilm development, and cellular physiology.
  • Understanding PDE function provides insights into Shigella pathogenesis and potential therapeutic targets, particularly concerning antibiotic resistance.