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Updated: Jul 4, 2026

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Electrosprayed Alginate-Fmoc Amino Acid Microcapsules for Quercetin Loading and Release.

Hatice Asri1, Serap Mert2,3,4

  • 1Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, Kocaeli University, 41001 Kocaeli, Türkiye.

ACS Omega
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
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Hybrid microcapsules incorporating Fmoc-amino acids into alginate demonstrate enhanced structural durability and prolonged quercetin release compared to standard Ca-Alginate microcapsules. These advanced formulations offer improved drug delivery performance and stability.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Drug Delivery

Background:

  • Alginate microcapsules are widely used for drug delivery.
  • Enhancing the structural integrity and release profile of alginate microcapsules is crucial for effective drug delivery.
  • Quercetin is a bioactive compound with therapeutic potential, requiring suitable delivery systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and characterize novel hybrid microcapsules by incorporating Fmoc-Tyrosine (Fmoc-Y) or Fmoc-Proline (Fmoc-Pro) into alginate.
  • To evaluate the impact of these hybrid structures on quercetin loading, release kinetics, and swelling properties.
  • To assess the structural stability and morphological changes of the microcapsules under different pH conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Hybrid microcapsules were synthesized by incorporating Fmoc-Y or Fmoc-Pro into alginate, followed by Ca2+-ion cross-linking.

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  • Characterization included particle size analysis, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), rheological studies, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
  • Quercetin release profiles and microcapsule swelling behavior were investigated at pH 7.4 and pH 1.2, respectively.

    • Main Results:

    • Hybrid microcapsules (Ca-Alginate/Fmoc-Y and Ca-Alginate/Fmoc-Pro) exhibited smaller particle sizes (154 ± 14 μm and 131 ± 15 μm) compared to pure Ca-Alginate (187 ± 19 μm).
    • FTIR confirmed the successful incorporation of Fmoc-amino acids into the alginate matrix.
    • Quercetin release at pH 7.4 was significantly prolonged in hybrid microcapsules (up to 24 h) compared to pure alginate (7 h), following Korsmeyer-Peppas and zero-order models, respectively.
    • Hybrid microcapsules demonstrated superior structural stability and reduced erosion at pH 7.4 (stable up to 16 h) compared to pure alginate microcapsules (eroded by 6 h).
    • SEM analysis revealed a more compact and less porous surface morphology for hybrid microcapsules.

    Conclusions:

    • The incorporation of Fmoc-Y and Fmoc-Pro into alginate significantly enhances the structural durability and controlled release of quercetin from microcapsules.
    • Hybrid microcapsules offer improved performance for drug delivery applications, maintaining integrity over extended periods and controlled release profiles.
    • These findings highlight the potential of Fmoc-amino acid-modified alginate as a promising platform for advanced drug delivery systems.