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Biomolecular Detection employing the Interferometric Reflectance Imaging Sensor (IRIS)
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Surface-Density-Controlled Spreading-Packing Competition in Antibody Monolayers Revealed by PM-IRRAS and 2D

Matteo Piscitelli1,2, Cinzia Di Franco2, Lucia Sarcina3

  • 1Dipartimento Interateneo di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Bari Aldo Moro, Bari 70125, Italy.

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Summary

Antibody adsorption on surfaces changes structure based on concentration and time. A new surface density parameter predicts these antibody structural changes, crucial for biosensor development.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Surface Science
  • Biomolecular Engineering

Background:

  • Antibody adsorption on surfaces is key for biosensors and bioelectronics.
  • Understanding how adsorption conditions affect antibody structure is limited.
  • Quantitative descriptors are needed to link adsorption parameters to interfacial structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify the structural evolution of anti-immunoglobulin M (anti-IgM) antibody monolayers during physisorption on gold.
  • To investigate the influence of varying solution concentrations and deposition times on antibody structure.
  • To develop a unified framework for predicting adsorption-induced structural changes.

Main Methods:

  • Polarization-modulation infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) to quantify secondary-structure fractions.
  • Asynchronous two-dimensional (2D) correlation spectroscopy to resolve sequential conformational changes.
  • Development of a normalized surface density (SD) parameter to unify adsorption effects.

Main Results:

  • Antibody structure transitions from flexible, disordered states at low surface density to compact, beta-sheet-rich assemblies at higher densities.
  • A strong anticorrelation exists between beta-sheet and unordered chain content.
  • The normalized surface density (SD) parameter effectively collapses adsorption pathways onto a single structural coordinate.

Conclusions:

  • Adsorption-induced structural heterogeneity in antibody interfaces can be quantitatively mapped.
  • The surface-density-based framework provides a predictive descriptor for antibody monolayer formation.
  • This work advances the understanding of antibody-surface interactions for biosensing applications.