Negative problem orientation and social problem solving in esports: indirect role of cognitive flexibility

Mental process is a cornerstone of success in the rapid sports industry, where players must navigate high-pressure, dynamic environments. Cognitive flexibility is essential for adaptability and effective problem-solving, yet its relationship with negative psychological traits remains underexplored. This study investigates the mediating role of cognitive flexibility in the relationship between negative problem orientation and social problem-solving competence among esports players.

The study sample consisted of 966 esports players from Türkiye, categorized as semi-professionals, professionals, and hardcore players. Data were collected using the Negative Problem Orientation Questionnaire, the Social Problem-Solving Skills Inventory, and the Cognitive Flexibility Scale. Statistical analysis was conducted using the SPSS PROCESS macro (Model 4), employing bootstrapping methods to evaluate the significance of direct and indirect effects within the mediation model.

Mediation analysis revealed that cognitive flexibility significantly mediates the relationship between negative problem orientation and social problem-solving competence (indirect effect = 0.97, 95% CI [0.4805 1.485]). Direct effects were also significant: negative problem orientation predicted social problem-solving, while cognitive flexibility showed a strong positive impact on problem-solving competence.

Cognitive flexibility serves as a vital psychological mechanism that may reduce the adverse influence of negative problem orientation and enhance social problem-solving competence in esports players. These findings suggest that interventions designed to strengthen cognitive flexibility such as scenario-based decision-making drills, mindfulness-based attention training, and stress-regulation exercises may contribute to better adaptability, psychological resilience, and problem-solving performance in competitive esports contexts.