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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
Upstream Processing01:27

Upstream Processing

Upstream processing represents a critical phase in biomanufacturing, wherein biological systems such as microorganisms, mammalian cells, or insect cells are cultivated to produce therapeutic proteins, vaccines, enzymes, or other biologically derived products. This phase encompasses all steps from the selection and genetic manipulation of the production organism to the cultivation of cells in bioreactors under tightly controlled environmental conditions.Host Selection and Genetic OptimizationThe...
CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
What is Genetic Engineering?00:49

What is Genetic Engineering?

Overview

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

The Fabrication and Operation of a Continuous Flow, Micro-Electroporation System with Permeabilization Detection
10:34

The Fabrication and Operation of a Continuous Flow, Micro-Electroporation System with Permeabilization Detection

Published on: January 7, 2022

Prime editing: Emerging mechanisms, engineering innovations, and next-generation applications.

Waqar Muhammad1,2, Ali Amjad3, Yufei Liu1,2

  • 1Hainan Institute of Northwest A&F University, Sanya, 572025, Hainan, China.

Biodesign Research
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Prime editing offers precise gene editing without DNA breaks or donor templates. Recent advancements enhance its efficiency and applications, though challenges like delivery and large fragment integration persist.

Keywords:
Gene correctionGenome rewritingMismatch repairPrecision genome engineeringPrime editingRecombinase integrationpegRNA

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Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

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Efficient PAM-Less Base Editing for Zebrafish Modeling of Human Genetic Disease with zSpRY-ABE8e

Published on: February 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Prime editing is an advanced genome-editing technology enabling targeted DNA modifications.
  • Unlike traditional methods, it avoids double-strand breaks and donor DNA.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in prime editing mechanisms and engineering.
  • To compare prime editing with other genome-editing tools.
  • To highlight future directions for prime editing technology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of recent literature on prime editing mechanisms, including flap dynamics, repair pathways, and pegRNA.
  • Summary of engineering improvements leading to high-efficiency systems (e.g., PEmax, PASTE).
  • Comparative analysis of prime editing against other genome-editing modalities.

Main Results:

  • Prime editing systems demonstrate high programmability and accuracy for substitutions, insertions, and deletions.
  • Engineered systems like PEmax and PASTE show increased efficiency.
  • Therapeutic gene correction, agriculture, and genomics are emerging applications.

Conclusions:

  • Prime editing is a versatile platform with significant potential for precise genome rewriting.
  • Overcoming barriers such as delivery and large-fragment integration is crucial for broader adoption.
  • Strategic innovations are needed to advance prime editing for future applications.