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Related Concept Videos

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides02:26

Preparation and Reactions of Sulfides

Sulfides are the sulfur analog of ethers, just as thiols are the sulfur analog of alcohol. Like ethers, sulfides also consist of two hydrocarbon groups bonded to the central sulfur atom. Depending upon the type of groups present, sulfides can be symmetrical or asymmetrical. Symmetrical sulfides can be prepared via an SN2 reaction between 2 equivalents of an alkyl halide and one equivalent of sodium sulfide.
Radical Formation: Homolysis00:54

Radical Formation: Homolysis

A bond is formed between two atoms by sharing two electrons. When this bond is broken by supplying sufficient energy, either two electrons can be taken up by one atom forming ions by the cleavage called heterolysis, or the two electrons are shared by two atoms, with one each creating radicals by the cleavage called homolysis.

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Developing Photosensitizer-Cobaloxime Hybrids for Solar-Driven H2 Production in Aqueous Aerobic Conditions
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Published on: October 5, 2019

Sulfone-decorated hypercrosslinked polymers for sacrificial light-driven hydrogen evolution from water.

Paul Schweng1,2, Dominik Eder3, Reiner Sebastian Sprick4

  • 1Institute of Materials Chemistry and Research, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna Währinger Straße 42 1090 Vienna Austria robert.woodward@univie.ac.at.

Journal of Materials Chemistry. A
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) offer a cost-effective route to solar-driven hydrogen evolution. These metal-free materials utilize inexpensive monomers and achieve high photocatalytic activity, overcoming previous limitations in polymer photocatalyst synthesis.

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A Simple, Low-cost, and Robust System to Measure the Volume of Hydrogen Evolved by Chemical Reactions with Aqueous Solutions

Published on: August 17, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Photocatalysis
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Polymer photocatalysts are promising for solar hydrogen evolution due to tunable properties.
  • Current methods often require expensive monomers and noble metal catalysts (e.g., Pd(0) for Suzuki-Miyaura polycondensation).
  • Highly functionalized building blocks for advanced materials like covalent organic frameworks involve costly multi-step syntheses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an inexpensive and readily available class of photoactive polymers for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen evolution.
  • To overcome the limitations of noble metal catalysts and complex monomer synthesis in current polymer photocatalyst development.
  • To create swellable hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) with high surface areas and intrinsic photocatalytic activity.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of swellable hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) using inexpensive monomers, specifically 4,4'-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl and dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone.
  • Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution experiments using the synthesized HCPs under solar irradiation.
  • Optimization of monomer ratios and the use of radical scavengers to enhance stability and activity.

Main Results:

  • The HCP material synthesized with a 2:1 ratio of 4,4'-bis(chloromethyl)-1,1'-biphenyl and dibenzo[b,d]thiophene sulfone exhibited the highest photocatalytic activity (249 ± 41 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹).
  • Addition of a radical scavenger improved material stability and further increased photocatalytic activity to 275 ± 58 µmol h⁻¹ g⁻¹.
  • The synthesized HCPs demonstrate high accessible surface areas and photocatalytic capabilities without relying on noble metal catalysts.

Conclusions:

  • Inexpensive, metal-free hypercrosslinked polymers (HCPs) are effective for solar-driven hydrogen evolution.
  • The developed synthesis route overcomes limitations associated with costly monomers and noble metal catalysts.
  • These HCPs show significant potential as a sustainable and scalable material for clean hydrogen production.