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Related Concept Videos

Energy Stored in Capacitors01:10

Energy Stored in Capacitors

A parallel plate capacitor, when connected to a battery, develops a potential difference across its plates. This potential difference is key to the operation of the capacitor, as it determines how much electrical energy the capacitor can store.
By integrating the equation that relates voltage and current in a capacitor, one can derive an equation for the voltage across the capacitor at any given time. This equation is crucial in understanding and predicting the behavior of capacitors in...
Potential Due to a Polarized Object01:29

Potential Due to a Polarized Object

A neutral atom consists of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by a negatively charged electron cloud. When placed in an external electric field, the external electric force pulls the electrons and nucleus apart, opposite to the intrinsic attraction between the nucleus and the electrons. The opposing forces balance each other with a slight shift between the center of masses of the nucleus and the electron cloud, resulting in a polarized atom. On the other hand, a few molecules, like water,...
What is an Electrochemical Gradient?01:26

What is an Electrochemical Gradient?

Adenosine triphosphate, or ATP, is considered the primary energy source in cells. However, energy can also be stored in the electrochemical gradient of an ion across the plasma membrane, which is determined by two factors: its chemical and electrical gradients.The chemical gradient relies on differences in the abundance of a substance on the outside versus the inside of a cell and flows from areas of high to low ion concentration. In contrast, the electrical gradient revolves around an ion’s...
Energy Stored in a Capacitor01:12

Energy Stored in a Capacitor

When an archer pulls the string in a bow, he saves the work done in the form of elastic potential energy. When he releases the string, the potential energy is released as kinetic energy of the arrow. A capacitor works on the same principle in which the work done is saved as electric potential energy. The potential energy (UC) could be calculated by measuring the work done (W) to charge the capacitor.
Thermodynamic Potentials01:26

Thermodynamic Potentials

Thermodynamic potentials are state functions that are extremely useful in analyzing a thermodynamic system. They have dimensions of energy. The four important thermodynamic potentials are internal energy, enthalpy, Helmholtz free energy, and Gibbs free energy. These thermodynamic potentials can be expressed using two of the following variables: pressure, volume, temperature, and entropy. These two variables are expressed as the rate of change of the thermodynamic potential with respect to other...
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Induced Electric Dipoles

A permanent electric dipole orients itself along an external electric field. This rotation can be quantified by defining the potential energy because the external torque does work in rotating it. Then, the potential energy is minimum at the parallel configuration and maximum at the antiparallel configuration. While the former is a stable equilibrium, the latter is an unstable equilibrium.
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Gradient Polarization Coupling via Configurational Entropy Engineering for Giant Energy Storage Performance.

Luomeng Tang1, Simin Wang1,2, Guohui Li1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Advanced Civil Engineering Materials of Ministry of Education, Functional Materials Research Laboratory, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a gradient polarization coupling strategy in NaNbO3-based multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs). This approach significantly enhances energy storage density and breakdown strength for next-generation electronics.

Keywords:
NaNbO3‐basedenergy storage materialshigh configurational entropymultilayer ceramic capacitorspolarization coupling

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Published on: February 23, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Ceramics Engineering

Background:

  • Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCCs) are crucial for electronics, but next-gen devices require higher energy storage.
  • Existing MLCCs face limitations in meeting escalating energy storage demands.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the directional regulation of gradient polarization coupling (GPC) for enhanced MLCC energy storage.
  • To develop a high configurational entropy (HCE) strategy for constructing novel nanodomain structures in MLCCs.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized theoretical predictions to guide the design of NaNbO3-based (NN) MLCCs.
  • Engineered alternating multipolar nanodomains with embedded nonpolar nanoclusters.
  • Investigated polymorphic polarization coupling for dynamic dipole orientation.

Main Results:

  • Achieved a recoverable energy storage density of 20.4 J/cm³ in NN-20H MLCCs.
  • Demonstrated an ultrahigh breakdown strength of 1680 kV/cm.
  • Reduced hysteresis loss while maintaining high polarization strength.

Conclusions:

  • The GPC strategy is effective for achieving giant energy storage density in MLCCs.
  • NN-20H MLCCs show significant advancement over existing lead-free ceramic capacitors.
  • This work provides novel insights for developing high-performance next-generation MLCCs.