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Related Concept Videos

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview

Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
Various factors can trigger epilepsy, including genetic factors, brain damage, metabolic causes, and unknown etiology. Diagnosis of epilepsy involves electroencephalography (EEG), which...
Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
Seizures: Classification01:13

Seizures: Classification

Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
Seizures are typically classified into two main categories: focal and generalized seizures.
Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:

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Long-term Continuous EEG Monitoring in Small Rodent Models of Human Disease Using the Epoch Wireless Transmitter System
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Published on: July 21, 2015

Long-term mortality after status epilepticus: A 5-year analysis study.

Manuel Alanís-Bernal1,2, Daniel Campos-Fernández1,2, Laura Abraira1,2

  • 1Epilepsy Unit, Neurology Department. Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.

Epilepsia
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Status epilepticus (SE) has a high 5-year mortality rate, with most deaths occurring early. Factors like age and consciousness impact survival, while prognostic scores like ACD remain valuable.

Keywords:
long‐term mortalityprognostic scoresstatus epilepticus

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Epileptology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Status epilepticus (SE) is a medical emergency with significant short-term and long-term morbidity and mortality.
  • Understanding long-term survival and prognostic factors is crucial for patient management and resource allocation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the 5-year mortality rate following status epilepticus (SE).
  • To identify clinical factors associated with long-term survival after SE.
  • To validate the prognostic performance of the Age, Consciousness, Duration (ACD) score and assess survival across different SE etiologies.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database of 786 adult patients with SE admitted to a tertiary epilepsy center (2011-2022).
  • Exclusion of hypoxic-anoxic etiologies, unclear diagnoses, and incomplete follow-up.
  • Assessment of mortality at discharge and annually up to 5 years, utilizing prognostic scores like mSTESS, EMSE, and ACD.

Main Results:

  • Five-year mortality was 50.3%, with 44.0% of deaths within the first 2 years.
  • Neurological causes (60.8%) and seizure-related causes (74.6% of neurological deaths) were primary drivers of mortality.
  • Independent predictors of mortality included older age, higher premorbid mRS, comorbidities, systemic complications, and impaired consciousness; convulsive SE was associated with lower risk.
  • The ACD score demonstrated prognostic value (AUC 0.717) in specific etiologies, with ACD ≥10 indicating >50% 2-year mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Status epilepticus (SE) is associated with substantial long-term mortality, particularly in the initial 2 years.
  • Neurological and seizure-related complications are the leading causes of death.
  • The Lattanzi classification for SE etiology and the ACD score are valuable tools for predicting long-term outcomes.