Detergent-Containing Toothpaste Decreases Esophageal Mucosal Impedance and Alters Salivary Properties in Humans

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Immunology
• Toxicology

Background:

• Eosinophilic esophagitis is linked to impaired epithelial barrier function.
• Environmental factors are implicated in disease development.
• Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) is a common detergent that disrupts the epithelial barrier and causes inflammation in mice.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate if acute exposure to SDS from toothpaste compromises the esophageal mucosal barrier in humans.
• To assess the impact of SDS on esophageal epithelial barrier function and immune responses.

Main Methods:

• Healthy adults brushed their teeth with SDS-containing toothpaste.
• Esophageal impedance was measured before and after brushing to assess barrier function.
• Salivary SDS levels were quantified, and esophageal string tests were performed to analyze protein changes.

Main Results:

• SDS was detectable in saliva for up to 60 minutes post-brushing.
• Esophageal mucosal impedance significantly decreased within 30 minutes of brushing.
• Toothbrushing altered salivary properties and activated mucosal immune responses, including changes in tight junction and inflammatory pathways.

Conclusions:

• SDS in toothpaste can persist in saliva and disrupt the esophageal mucosal barrier in healthy individuals.
• Toothbrushing with SDS-containing toothpaste leads to reduced esophageal mucosal impedance and altered immune responses.
• These findings suggest a potential role for SDS in esophageal conditions involving barrier dysfunction.