A Self-Powered Dressing Based on a Zn-Mo Galvanic Cell for Accelerated Wound Repair

Acute wounds are a prevalent clinical concern, and their management requires strategies that actively support tissue regeneration. Electrical stimulation (ES), which mimics endogenous bioelectric cues, has emerged as a promising approach for promoting wound repair. However, many existing electroactive dressings depend on external power sources or non-degradable electronic components, limiting their practicality and long-term biocompatibility. To address these challenges, we developed a self-powered electroactive dressing (ES-GP/ZIM) integrating a biodegradable Zn─Mo galvanic cell within a trilayer electrospun scaffold loaded with icariin (ICA). In the physiological wound environment, the Zn─Mo galvanic couple generates continuous localized electrical stimulation, while the intermediate layer provides sustained ICA release to regulate inflammation and angiogenesis throughout the healing process. In a full-thickness skin wound model, ES-GP/ZIM markedly accelerated tissue repair, achieving ∼85% wound closure by day 7 and near-complete epithelialization by day 14. Mechanistic studies further revealed that the combined action of ES and ICA effectively modulates key cellular processes, including inflammation, fibroblast migration, collagen deposition, and neovascularization. Collectively, this biodegradable and self-powered dressing provides a simple yet effective platform for active wound management and regenerative tissue repair.