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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Screening People on Standing Balance with Romberg Testing and Walking Balance with Tandem Walking
06:28

Screening People on Standing Balance with Romberg Testing and Walking Balance with Tandem Walking

Published on: September 1, 2023

Reference Values for Standing Balance in Typically Developing Children: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Hsiu-Ching Chiu1, Louise Ada, Theofani Bania

  • 1Department of Physical Therapy, I-Shou University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan (Dr Chiu); Discipline of Physiotherapy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia (Dr Ada); and Department of Physiotherapy, University of Patras, Greece (Dr Bania).

Pediatric Physical Therapy : the Official Publication of the Section on Pediatrics of the American Physical Therapy Association
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
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Journal of physiotherapy·2025

Reference values for children's standing balance show significant improvement with age. By age 7, most children achieve adult-like static and dynamic balance performance.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric physical therapy
  • Developmental kinesiology

Background:

  • Establishing normative data for standing balance is crucial for assessing pediatric development.
  • Previous research has not comprehensively defined reference values for static and dynamic balance in a large, diverse pediatric population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine age-specific reference values for static and dynamic standing balance in typically developing children aged 3 to 12 years.
  • To identify key predictors of standing balance performance in this age group.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 2,261 children (aged 3-12 years) across 20 educational institutions.
  • Assessment of static balance using the One-Legged Stance Test and dynamic balance using the Step Test.
  • Stepwise regression analysis to evaluate the influence of age, sex, weight, and height on balance measures.
Keywords:
balancechildrendynamicstatictypical development

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Screening People on Standing Balance with Romberg Testing and Walking Balance with Tandem Walking
06:28

Screening People on Standing Balance with Romberg Testing and Walking Balance with Tandem Walking

Published on: September 1, 2023

Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication
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Computerized Dynamic Posturography for Postural Control Assessment in Patients with Intermittent Claudication

Published on: December 11, 2013

Main Results:

  • Mean One-Legged Stance Test duration increased from 9 seconds (SD 6) at age 3 to 30 seconds (SD 0) at age 12.
  • Mean Step Test performance improved from 0.8 steps/s (SD 0.1) at age 3 to 1.4 steps/s (SD 0.2) at age 12.
  • Age was the primary predictor, explaining 41% of variance in static balance and 57% in dynamic balance.

Conclusions:

  • Age is the most significant factor influencing standing balance development in children.
  • Children typically attain adult-level static and dynamic standing balance capabilities by approximately 7 years of age.