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Related Concept Videos

Prosopagnosia01:24

Prosopagnosia

Prosopagnosia, also known as face blindness, is the inability to recognize faces. In severe cases, individuals with prosopagnosia may not recognize close family members, including parents and spouses, by their faces. For instance, someone with prosopagnosia might walk past their child in a crowd, only realizing their mistake upon noticing their child's distinctive backpack or favorite jacket. Prosopagnosia specifically impairs facial recognition, while the recognition of other objects or...
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Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...
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Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
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Cushing syndrome refers to the collection of clinical manifestations that arise when tissues are exposed to excessive amounts of cortisol or cortisol-like medications over an extended period. Cortisol, a glucocorticoid produced by the adrenal cortex, regulates metabolism, immune responses, and the body’s adaptation to stress. When its concentration remains chronically elevated, these physiological pathways become dysregulated, resulting in the characteristic features of the syndrome.Exogenous...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Optic Nerve Sheath Point of Care Ultrasound: Image Acquisition
06:09

Optic Nerve Sheath Point of Care Ultrasound: Image Acquisition

Published on: August 18, 2023

Opsoclonus revealing underlying multiple system atrophy: a case report.

Hiromi Kawano1,2, Shotaro Sakimura3,4, Ken Yamaura5

  • 1Department of Anesthesiology, Fukuoka City Hospital, Fukuoka, Japan.

JA Clinical Reports
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Delayed emergence from anesthesia can reveal neurodegenerative diseases. Opsoclonus, a rare eye movement disorder, prompted the diagnosis of multiple system atrophy in a patient.

Keywords:
Delayed emergenceFentanylGeneral anesthesiaMultiple system atrophyOpsoclonus

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 4, 2026

Optic Nerve Sheath Point of Care Ultrasound: Image Acquisition
06:09

Optic Nerve Sheath Point of Care Ultrasound: Image Acquisition

Published on: August 18, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Delayed emergence from general anesthesia is a complex clinical challenge.
  • While often transient, it can rarely indicate underlying neurological conditions.
  • Unrecognized neurodegenerative disorders are a rare but significant cause.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the association between delayed emergence and neurodegenerative disorders.
  • To emphasize the diagnostic significance of opsoclonus in such cases.
  • To report a case of multiple system atrophy presenting with delayed emergence and opsoclonus.

Main Methods:

  • A 64-year-old male patient underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy.
  • Postoperatively, the patient exhibited delayed emergence and opsoclonus.
  • Diagnostic workup included neuroimaging (CT, MRI) and neurological assessment.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed opsoclonus, characterized by rapid, nystagmus-like eye movements.
  • Head CT revealed cerebellar and brainstem atrophy.
  • MRI demonstrated the "hot cross bun" sign, leading to a diagnosis of multiple system atrophy with predominant parkinsonism.

Conclusions:

  • Opsoclonus can be a presenting sign of neurodegenerative disorders.
  • In cases of unexplained delayed emergence from anesthesia, opsoclonus warrants thorough neurological investigation.
  • Early identification of neurodegenerative conditions is crucial for patient management.