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Related Concept Videos

Voltaic/Galvanic Cells02:47

Voltaic/Galvanic Cells

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Spontaneous redox reactions occur abundantly in nature. The chemical reaction occurring in a disposable AA battery powering our remote controls is one such example of a spontaneous redox reaction. Another example is the immersion of coiled copper wire into an aqueous silver nitrate solution. The reaction shows a gradual, visually impressive color change from colorless to bright blue and the formation of a grey precipitate on the copper wire. In this experiment,...
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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Preparation of Polyoxometalate-based Photo-responsive Membranes for the Photo-activation of Manganese Oxide Catalysts
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Published on: August 7, 2018

A Photocurable Covalent Polyoxometalates-Membrane With Hierarchical Proton Conduction Pathways for High-Performance

Xin Mu1, Feiyang Yu1, Tianwang Liu1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Polyoxometalate and Reticular Material Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, P. R. China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

A new photocurable polyoxometalate-organic membrane (PAPOM-AMPS) offers superior proton conductivity and selectivity for vanadium flow batteries. This advanced membrane overcomes limitations of traditional materials, enabling higher efficiency and stability in energy storage applications.

Keywords:
covalent organic membranephoto‐curedpolyoxometalatesproton conductionvanadium flow battery

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A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery
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A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery
09:49

A Protocol for Electrochemical Evaluations and State of Charge Diagnostics of a Symmetric Organic Redox Flow Battery

Published on: February 13, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Developing proton exchange membranes (PEMs) with high conductivity, selectivity, and processability is crucial for energy applications.
  • Polyoxometalates (POMs) show promise as proton conductors but suffer from poor processability and leaching.
  • Existing PEMs often struggle to form continuous proton conduction pathways within polymer matrices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize a novel photocurable POM-organic membrane (PAPOM-AMPS) with enhanced proton transport properties.
  • To investigate the structure-property relationships governing proton conductivity and selectivity.
  • To evaluate the performance of the new membrane in vanadium flow batteries (VFBs).

Main Methods:

  • Ultrafast UV-initiated copolymerization of an acrylamide-functionalized arsenomolybdate cluster (APOM), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS), and acrylic acid (AA).
  • Molecular-level design to create hierarchical proton transport channels using immobilized APOM clusters and sulfonic/carboxylic acid groups.
  • Characterization of membrane properties including proton conductivity, proton/vanadium selectivity, and ionic domain size.
  • Fabrication and testing of a sandwich-structured membrane in a VFB configuration.

Main Results:

  • The PAPOM-AMPS membrane achieved exceptional proton conductivity (0.417 S·cm-1 at 80°C, 100% RH), outperforming Nafion 117.
  • Ultrahigh proton/vanadium selectivity (18.1 × 104 S·min·cm-3) was obtained due to confined ionic domains (∼2.27 nm).
  • In VFBs, the membrane demonstrated excellent performance: 98.2% coulombic efficiency, 86.7% energy efficiency, and superior cycling stability (0.12% capacity decay per cycle at 120 mA·cm-2).

Conclusions:

  • The developed PAPOM-AMPS membrane offers a groundbreaking strategy for high-performance proton-conductive membranes.
  • Covalent immobilization of POMs and synergistic acid groups create efficient hierarchical proton transport pathways.
  • The membrane's superior performance in VFBs highlights its potential for next-generation energy storage solutions.