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Related Concept Videos

Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Gynecologic Cancer
10:35

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Gynecologic Cancer

Published on: April 17, 2012

Maintenance therapy in gynecologic malignancies: Current and future state.

Page C Widick1,2,3, Alexi A Wright1,2, Joyce F Liu1,2

  • 1Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Cancer
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Maintenance therapy after initial chemotherapy can improve survival for advanced gynecologic cancers. Newer agents like PARP inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors show promise, but careful consideration of toxicity and cost is essential.

Keywords:
cervical cancerchemotherapyclinical trialsendometrial cancerimmunotherapymaintenance therapyovarian cancer

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Gynecologic Cancer
10:35

Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Gynecologic Cancer

Published on: April 17, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Gynecologic Oncology
  • Cancer Therapeutics
  • Clinical Research

Background:

  • Advanced gynecologic malignancies have high recurrence rates despite recent treatment advances.
  • Previous strategies like prolonged chemotherapy have shown limited success in reducing recurrence.
  • Maintenance therapy following initial treatment is an emerging strategy to improve outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current maintenance therapy practices in gynecologic cancers.
  • To explore emerging research and novel agents for maintenance therapy.
  • To discuss challenges associated with maintenance therapy, including toxicity and cost.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on maintenance therapy in ovarian, endometrial, and cervical cancers.
  • Analysis of clinical trial data for agents like PARP inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
  • Discussion of ongoing research into novel targeted therapies and antibody-drug conjugates.

Main Results:

  • Maintenance therapy with VEGF inhibitors and PARP inhibitors has improved progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) in ovarian cancer, particularly in BRCA-mutated or homologous recombination-deficient cancers.
  • Immune checkpoint inhibitors combined with chemotherapy and maintenance have improved PFS and OS in endometrial and cervical cancers, especially in mismatch repair-deficient and PD-L1-positive cases, respectively.
  • Ongoing trials are investigating antibody-drug conjugates, hormone-directed therapies, and XPO-1 inhibitors as future maintenance options.

Conclusions:

  • Maintenance therapy represents a promising strategy to improve PFS and OS in select patients with advanced gynecologic malignancies.
  • The efficacy of specific agents varies based on cancer type and molecular characteristics (e.g., BRCA mutations, MMR deficiency, PD-L1 expression).
  • Balancing the benefits of maintenance therapy against potential toxicities, quality of life impacts, and financial toxicity is crucial for clinical decision-making.