Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
The Electrical Double Layer01:30

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...
Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria01:19

Ionic Strength: Effects on Chemical Equilibria

The addition of an inert ionic compound increases the solubility of a sparingly soluble salt. For example, adding potassium nitrate to a saturated solution of calcium sulfate significantly enhances the solubility of calcium sulfate. Le Châtelier's principle cannot predict this shift in the equilibrium. Instead, this could be explained in terms of changes in the effective concentration of the ions in solution in the presence of added inert salt.
In this solution, the primary cation—the calcium...
Types of Reversible Electrodes01:24

Types of Reversible Electrodes

For electrode reversibility to be maintained, all the reactants and products involved in the half-reaction must be present at the electrode. There are several types of reversible electrodes (half-cells).In metal-metal-ion electrodes, a metal balances electrochemically with a solution of its own ions. Examples are Cu2+|Cu and Zn2+|Zn. Metals that react with the solvent, like group 1 and most group 2 metals, which react with water, and zinc, which reacts with aqueous acidic solutions, cannot be...
Standard Electrode Potentials03:02

Standard Electrode Potentials

On comparing the reactivity of silver and lead, it is observed that the two ionic species, Ag+ (aq) and Pb2+ (aq), show a difference in their redox reactivity towards copper: the silver ion undergoes spontaneous reduction, while the lead ion does not. This relative redox activity can be easily quantified in electrochemical cells by a property called cell potential. This property is commonly known as cell voltage in electrochemistry, and it is a measure of the energy which accompanies the charge...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

The impact of neoadjuvant chemoimmunotherapy on pulmonary function in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Translational lung cancer research·2026
Same author

Glycolysis Dominates Over Photorespiration in Governing Oxalate Accumulation in Rice.

Plant physiology·2026
Same author

Dual-pathway blockade overcomes ferroptosis resistance in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via a CD133-targeted manganese-porphyrin theranostic nanoplatform.

Biomaterials·2026
Same author

Coupling Dead-Lithium Reactivation and Interfacial Stabilization for Long-Life Lithium Metal Batteries.

Small (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2026
Same author

Wide Temperature Zero Thermal Expansion in Al Matrix Composites with High Thermal Conductivity.

Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)·2026
Same author

Achieving Zero Phase Transition in P2-Type Layered Oxides via Targeted Chemical Design for Zero-Strain Sodium Storage.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Chemical Design Principles for Managing the Capacity-Stability Trade-Off in High-Voltage Sodium Layered Cathodes.

Ao Zeng1,2, Shuaiqin Qiu1, Rui Cheng1,2

  • 1College of Materials Science and Opto-Electronic Technology, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.

Angewandte Chemie (International Ed. in English)
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new design framework for sodium-ion battery cathodes using functional units. This approach balances high capacity and stability, overcoming previous limitations in layered transition-metal oxides.

Keywords:
chemical design principlesfunctional unitshigh‐voltage stabilitylayered oxide cathodessodium‐ion batteries

More Related Videos

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Construction and Testing of Coin Cells of Lithium Ion Batteries
07:23

Construction and Testing of Coin Cells of Lithium Ion Batteries

Published on: August 2, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
10:03

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques

Published on: November 11, 2013

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature
11:04

Synthesis of Ionic Liquid Based Electrolytes, Assembly of Li-ion Batteries, and Measurements of Performance at High Temperature

Published on: December 20, 2016

Construction and Testing of Coin Cells of Lithium Ion Batteries
07:23

Construction and Testing of Coin Cells of Lithium Ion Batteries

Published on: August 2, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • High-voltage layered transition-metal oxides are promising for sodium-ion battery (SIB) cathodes.
  • A key challenge is the trade-off between capacity and long-term stability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a functional-unit-based design framework for SIB cathodes.
  • To identify and integrate specific functional units (NiO6, MnO6, TiO6) into layered oxides.
  • To develop quantitative descriptors for optimizing cathode performance.

Main Methods:

  • Decomposition of layered oxide lattices into active, buffer, and skeletal units.
  • Systematic evaluation of transition-metal-oxygen (TMO6) octahedra.
  • Synthesis and electrochemical testing of NaNixMnyTizO2 (NMTxyz) oxides.
  • Introduction of quantitative descriptors: active unit content and functional unit mismatch.

Main Results:

  • Functionally matched NMTxyz oxides (e.g., NMT523, NMT433) demonstrated simultaneous high capacity and durable stability.
  • Functionally mismatched configurations showed poor or unbalanced electrochemical performance.
  • The design framework successfully regulated the capacity-stability balance.

Conclusions:

  • A functional-unit-based design strategy effectively addresses the capacity-stability trade-off in SIB cathodes.
  • Optimized integration of NiO6, MnO6, and TiO6 units leads to superior electrochemical properties.
  • Quantitative descriptors provide a guideline for designing high-performance layered oxide cathodes.