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Patterning of Microorganisms and Microparticles through Sequential Capillarity-assisted Assembly
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Published on: November 4, 2021

Capillary ratchets activated by interfacial flows for versatile torque generation and microassembly.

Zhe Li1,2, Keliang Liu1, Lida Pan1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Multifunctional Nanomaterials and Smart Systems, Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics (SINANO), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Suzhou 215123, P.R. China.

Science Advances
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed a flow-rate-dependent ratcheting mechanism for precise control of microstructures. This method enables robust unidirectional rotation and scalable fabrication of complex chiral architectures using interfacial capillary forces.

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics and interfacial phenomena
  • Materials science and engineering
  • Nanotechnology and microfabrication

Background:

  • Chiral microstructures possess unique mechanical, electrical, and optical properties.
  • Existing methods for generating controlled unidirectional rotation in microstructures are limited.
  • Capillary machines previously utilized interfacial capillary forces for braiding microscale wires.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a reliable and precise method for generating unidirectional rotation in microstructures.
  • To establish a scalable strategy for fabricating delicate chiral architectures.
  • To explore the interplay between interfacial flows, capillary forces, and geometric design for microassembly.

Main Methods:

  • Implementation of a versatile, flow rate-dependent ratcheting mechanism.
  • Utilizing interfacial flows and capillary forces for robust unidirectional rotation under high-flow conditions.
  • Employing simulations to understand the dependence of interfacial flows on actuation direction and hysteresis.

Main Results:

  • Achieved robust unidirectional rotation of floating objects via interfacial flows and capillary forces.
  • Demonstrated successful braiding of multiple microwires into hierarchically twisted bundles without destructive torsion.
  • Validated the flow rate dependency and actuation direction influence on interfacial flows and observed hysteresis.

Conclusions:

  • The developed ratcheting mechanism offers precise control over microstructure rotation.
  • This approach provides a scalable strategy for fabricating complex chiral architectures.
  • Coupling interfacial hydrodynamics with geometric design opens new paradigms in interface-mediated microassembly.