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Bacteriophages of the Human Virome01:23

Bacteriophages of the Human Virome

Bacteriophages are found throughout the human body. They may even outnumber eukaryotic viruses, forming an important and dynamic component of the human virome. Indeed, phages represent the most abundant viral entities, with densities in the gut reaching up to 10⁹ particles per gram of fecal matter, and many belonging to orders such as Caudovirales and Microviridae, while a substantial proportion remains unclassified as viral “dark matter.”Lysogeny and Genetic ExchangeIn the gut, bacteriophages...
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Phage Phenomics: Physiological Approaches to Characterize Novel Viral Proteins
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Published on: June 11, 2015

Host Range Breadth Correlates with Genic Diversity in Honeybee Phages.

Chris R P Robinson1, Adam G Dolezal2, Ivan Liachko3

  • 1Department of Biology, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA.

Genome Biology and Evolution
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Bacteriophages (phages) in honeybee microbiomes show significant gene module variation despite similar core genomes. This genetic diversity correlates with host range, impacting phage evolution within these complex communities.

Keywords:
Bacteriophage ecologyBacteriophage evolutionHoneybee microbiomeMetagenomic hiCPopulation genetics

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Bacteriophages (phages) evolve rapidly through mutation and horizontal gene transfer to overcome microbial host defenses.
  • Understanding phage genomic evolution within natural microbial communities, particularly their host range, remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interplay between phage ecology and genome evolution within honeybee worker microbiomes.
  • To infer evolutionary pressures acting on phage genomes by correlating host range with genomic variation.

Main Methods:

  • Combined in vivo phage host range measurements with genome evolution analysis in honeybee microbiomes.
  • Utilized HiC-resolved metagenomics to study phage communities in the honeybee gut.
  • Estimated genic diversity and identified loci under diversifying selection.

Main Results:

  • Near-identical phage genomes co-occurred across honeybee colonies, displaying significant gene module variation despite a conserved core genome.
  • Genic diversity estimates deviated from neutral models, indicating loci under diversifying selection.
  • Honeybee gut phage communities exhibited wide host range variation, differing in host number and phylogenetic distance across individuals.
  • Genetic variation positively correlated with phage host range, with selection targets differing between broad and narrow host range phages.

Conclusions:

  • Honeybee-associated phages display substantial host range variation within host-associated microbial communities.
  • This host range variation significantly influences the rates and patterns of phage evolution.