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Combined transformer encoder-CNN architecture with texture features for MRI-based Alzheimer's disease detection.

G Divya Jyothi1, C Madan Kumar2, Ravi Kumar Kottala3

  • 1Department of Computer Science and Engineering SR University, Ananthasagar, Hasanparthy, Warangal 506371, India.

Psychiatry Research. Neuroimaging
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
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Scientific reports·2025
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This study introduces a novel deep learning model for early Alzheimer's disease (AD) detection using MRI scans. The combined modified Transformer Encoder-Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) achieved 96% accuracy, improving early diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Artificial Intelligence in Medicine
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Alzheimer's disease (AD) onset precedes clinical symptoms, necessitating early diagnostic methods.
  • Current diagnostic tools often fail to detect subtle early-stage structural brain changes in AD.
  • This gap delays critical medical interventions for Alzheimer's disease.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel hybrid deep learning architecture for early Alzheimer's disease detection using MRI.
  • To enhance the accuracy and reliability of Alzheimer's disease diagnosis through advanced image processing and feature extraction.
  • To address the limitations of current diagnostic techniques in identifying early-stage AD.

Main Methods:

  • A combined modified Transformer Encoder-Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) architecture was developed for AD detection.
Keywords:
Alzheimer's disease detectionCNNImproved Gaussian filteringImproved median robust extended local binary patternmodTransEncd

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  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) data underwent preprocessing with a Modified Gaussian Filtering technique (modGFT) for noise reduction and edge preservation.
  • Feature extraction included shape features, Improved Median Robust Extended Local Binary Pattern (ImpMRELBP), and Pyramid Histogram of Oriented Gradients (PHOG).
  • Data augmentation techniques were employed to increase the training dataset size and diversity.
  • Main Results:

    • The proposed hybrid modTransEncd-CNN model demonstrated superior performance compared to traditional methods.
    • The model achieved a high accuracy of 96% in classifying Alzheimer's disease.
    • Integration of batch normalization and an enhanced attention module improved model training efficiency and generalization.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed modTransEncd-CNN model offers a promising approach for accurate and early detection of Alzheimer's disease.
    • The hybrid architecture effectively leverages deep learning for analyzing MRI data in AD diagnosis.
    • This advancement has the potential to significantly improve timely intervention strategies for Alzheimer's disease patients.