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Related Concept Videos

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology01:29

Pneumonia II: Pathophysiology

The pathophysiology of pneumonia involves the following steps:
Pneumonia IV: Management01:28

Pneumonia IV: Management

The treatment of pneumonia varies based on its severity and the causative pathogen. Here is a structured approach to managing pneumonia, integrating pharmaceutical and supportive care strategies.
Bacterial Pneumonia Treatment
For bacterial pneumonia, antibiotics serve as the cornerstone of therapy. Initial treatment often begins with empirical antibiotics, tailored to the anticipated causative organism and adjusted based on culture results. Key antibiotic choices include:
Atypical Pneumonia01:14

Atypical Pneumonia

Atypical pneumonia, often caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, is a form of pulmonary infection that differs from the classical presentation of bacterial pneumonia in both its cause and clinical symptoms. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is a pleomorphic bacterium notable for its lack of a rigid cell wall. This structural characteristic imparts resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics and significantly influences the bacterium’s behavior within the human host.Other pathogens responsible for the disease include...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:30

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an acute respiratory infection that targets the lungs, specifically the alveoli. These tiny air sacs, essential for oxygen exchange, become engorged with pus and fluid, severely hindering breathing, decreasing oxygen absorption, and causing significant pain and discomfort during respiration.
Risk Factors
Various factors influence the likelihood of developing pneumonia. Age plays a crucial role, with infants, children under two, and individuals over 65 at increased risk due to their...
Pneumonia I: Introduction01:29

Pneumonia I: Introduction

Pneumonia is an infection of the lower respiratory tract that leads to inflammation of the lung parenchyma, often resulting in the accumulation of inflammatory exudate in the alveoli and airways. Unlike the watery, low-protein fluid exudate in pulmonary edema, the exudate in this case is a thick fluid rich in immune cells, proteins, and debris produced during infection and inflammation.This impairs gas exchange and can lead to consolidation of lung tissue. The infection may be caused by a...
Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment01:30

Pneumonia III: Complications and Assessment

Pneumonia poses the potential for numerous complications that warrant consideration. These complications include the following:

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia
09:49

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

Steroid refractory rapidly progressing organising pneumonia.

Devanshi Mehta1

  • 1Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler, Texas, USA devanshi.mehta@uttyler.edu.

BMJ Case Reports
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Organising pneumonia (OP) can rarely progress to fatal respiratory failure, even with standard treatments. This case highlights the challenges of steroid-refractory OP and the need for alternative therapies.

Keywords:
Interstitial lung diseasePneumonia (respiratory medicine)

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia
09:49

Experimental Model to Evaluate Resolution of Pneumonia

Published on: February 17, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Pulmonology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Organising pneumonia (OP) is a lung condition characterized by inflammation and repair.
  • While typically resolving quickly, OP can rarely progress to severe respiratory failure.
  • Steroid unresponsiveness and limited treatment options contribute to poor outcomes in some OP cases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a case of rapidly progressive, steroid-refractory organising pneumonia.
  • To review the literature on rare, aggressive forms of OP and their management.

Main Methods:

  • A case report of a 70-year-old male with unexplained shortness of breath.
  • Diagnostic workup including infectious and immunological studies, and lung biopsy.
  • Literature review of rapidly progressive and steroid-refractory organising pneumonia.

Main Results:

  • The patient developed severe respiratory failure requiring mechanical ventilation despite antibiotics and corticosteroids.
  • Lung biopsy confirmed organising pneumonia.
  • Literature review identified alternative immunosuppressive treatments with limited evidence.

Conclusions:

  • Rapidly progressive, steroid-refractory organising pneumonia represents a rare but fatal clinical challenge.
  • Current treatment options are limited, underscoring the need for further research into alternative immunosuppressive therapies.