Interventional Radiology and Thoracic Oncology: 20 Years of Innovation.

Area of Science:

• Thoracic Oncology
• Interventional Radiology
• Medical Imaging

Background:

• Interventional radiology has significantly advanced since 2006, becoming integral to multidisciplinary thoracic oncology care.
• Progress in imaging, devices, and techniques has broadened its application in diagnosing and treating lung cancer, mesothelioma, and other thoracic malignancies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the evolution and clinical practice of interventional radiology in thoracic oncology over the past two decades.
• To highlight advancements in diagnostic techniques, therapies, and emerging technologies for intrathoracic malignancies.

Main Methods:

• Conducted a narrative literature review from 2006 to 2026.
• Focused on image-guided diagnostics, percutaneous and endovascular therapies, pleural interventions, and new technologies for thoracic cancers.
• Emphasized clinical outcomes, safety, patient-centered care, and integration into multidisciplinary pathways.

Main Results:

• Image-guided biopsies now offer high accuracy with reduced complications using CT, navigation, and robotics.
• Percutaneous ablation (radiofrequency, microwave, cryoablation) provides local control for select lung cancer patients.
• Endovascular therapies (e.g., bronchial artery embolization) and pleural interventions are crucial for hemoptysis, effusion management, and mesothelioma treatment.
• Significant improvements noted in safety, outpatient feasibility, and patient experience.

Conclusions:

• Interventional radiology is indispensable in thoracic oncology, covering diagnosis, treatment, and supportive care.
• Future advancements in AI, robotics, and precision oncology will likely further enhance its clinical impact.