Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Vitamins01:30

Vitamins

Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced in our...
Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
Overview of Protein Metabolism01:21

Overview of Protein Metabolism

Proteins are broken down into amino acids during digestion. Unlike fats and carbohydrates, which are stored for later use, proteins are not. Instead, amino acids are either used to produce ATP through oxidation or contribute to the creation of new proteins for the growth and repair of the body. Any surplus amino acids from the diet are converted into glucose or triglycerides rather than excreted.
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
Overview of Lipid Metabolism01:24

Overview of Lipid Metabolism

Lipid metabolism is a crucial process in the human body that involves the synthesis and degradation of lipids. This process is essential for energy production, cell membrane formation, and hormone production, among other functions.
Lipolysis: The Breakdown of Lipids:
Lipolysis is the process of breaking down lipids, particularly triglycerides, into glycerol and fatty acids. This process typically occurs in the adipose tissue and is triggered by various hormones, including glucagon and...
Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism01:19

Overview of Carbohydrate Metabolism

Carbohydrate metabolism is a fundamental biochemical process that ensures a constant supply of energy to living cells. The most important carbohydrate is glucose, which can be broken down via glycolysis to enter into the Krebs cycle and eventually lead to the production of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation.
Glucose transport into cells is facilitated by a family of transport proteins called GLUT (Glucose Transporters). GLUT4 is the primary glucose transporter for insulin-stimulated glucose...
Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Metapneumovirus-associated necrotizing disseminated acute leukoencephalopathy.

Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria·2026
Same author

Antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody-associated pachymeningitis: a systematic review of clinical features, diagnosis and treatment outcomes.

Immunologic research·2026
Same author

A Novel TUBB2A Variant Causing Ataxia With Preserved Ambulation Into Adulthood.

American journal of medical genetics. Part A·2026
Same author

Choreiform Wilson's disease and a distinctive 7-Tesla magnetic resonance imaging finding.

Arquivos de neuro-psiquiatria·2026
Same author

Coronal Clival Cleft: Estimated Prevalence and Clinical Associations in a Pediatric Cohort.

AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology·2026
Same author

"Eiffel-by-night" sign in hypertrophic pachymeningitis: Clinical and radiological correlates.

Clinical neurology and neurosurgery·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics
11:02

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

Published on: November 29, 2024

Metabolic Derangement and Vitamin Deficiencies.

Diego Cardoso Fragoso1, Artemis Dalali do Nascimento Alves2, Leandro Tavares Lucato2

  • 1Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, 300 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Neuroimaging Clinics of North America
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Metabolic derangements and vitamin deficiencies can cause acute encephalopathy. Recognizing specific neuroimaging patterns aids in timely diagnosis and improved patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Acute hyperbilirubin encephalopathyDWIHyperammonemiaHyperglycemiaHypoglycemiaMROsmotic demyelinating syndromeUremic encephalopathy

More Related Videos

One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure
09:28

One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure

Published on: June 25, 2010

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics
11:02

Identification and Quantification of Deranged Metabolites in Critically Ill Patients Using NMR-Based Metabolomics

Published on: November 29, 2024

One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure
09:28

One-step Metabolomics: Carbohydrates, Organic and Amino Acids Quantified in a Single Procedure

Published on: June 25, 2010

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Acute encephalopathy has potentially reversible causes, including metabolic derangements and vitamin deficiencies.
  • These conditions significantly impact neurological function and require accurate diagnosis for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the pathophysiology and neuroimaging features of potentially reversible acute encephalopathic syndromes.
  • To highlight the role of magnetic resonance imaging in diagnosing and monitoring these conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of literature focusing on metabolic disorders and vitamin deficiencies causing acute encephalopathy.
  • Emphasis on characteristic neuroimaging findings, particularly from magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI).

Main Results:

  • Identified key metabolic derangements including glucose, ammonia, bilirubin, calcium-phosphorus metabolism, uremia, and osmotic stress.
  • Detailed specific neuroimaging patterns: 'dark white matter' in hyperglycemia, 'lentiform fork sign' in uremia, and T1 pallidal hyperintensity in bilirubin toxicity.

Conclusions:

  • Integrated clinicoradiologic approach is crucial for timely management of acute encephalopathy.
  • Characteristic MRI findings are pivotal for diagnosis, prognostication, and therapeutic monitoring of these reversible syndromes.