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Updated: Jul 5, 2026

A Uniaxial Compression Experiment with CO2-Bearing Coal Using a Visualized and Constant-Volume Gas-Solid Coupling Test System
Published on: June 12, 2019
A novel Upward-Extended Five-Zone model for overburden failure in deep coal seams with ultra-thick Cretaceous strata
Hui-Yong Yin1, Yu Xiao1, Xiang-Ru Fan2
1College of Earth Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China.
Abstract:
Preventing roof water hazards in deep coal mining under thick, weakly cemented overburden is challenging, particularly in Western China where traditional theories often fail to predict high-level water inrush caused by the independent secondary fracture of massive upper strata. Using the Yingpanhao Coalfield as a case study, this research investigates overburden failure laws through a comprehensive approach involving field monitoring (including distributed optical fiber sensing), PFC numerical simulations, and theoretical analysis. The study identifies a distinct "Coal Measures-Cretaceous double-layer structure." Results show significant behavioral differences between these strata, causing a unique "secondary movement" phenomenon. Consequently, this paper proposes a new "Upward-Extended Five-Zone" model, modifying the traditional "Three-Zone" theory. The model delineates the caving zone, low-position fracture and bending zones (within Coal Measures), and high-position fracture and bending zones (within Cretaceous strata). These findings offer theoretical support for water hazard prevention in similar geological conditions.
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