Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and perinatal outcomes: a scoping review

Area of Science:

• Environmental Health
• Toxicology
• Reproductive Health

Background:

• Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are mutagenic, carcinogenic, and immunotoxic agents from incomplete combustion.
• Maternal PAH exposure is linked to infertility, spontaneous abortion, and preterm birth.
• PAHs cross the placenta, posing risks for fetal growth restriction and congenital anomalies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive overview of current evidence on PAH exposure effects.
• To examine impacts on maternal, fetal, neonatal, and childhood health outcomes.
• To inform policies and strategies for PAH exposure management and disease prevention.

Main Methods:

• Scoping review of current literature.
• Synthesis of evidence on PAH exposure and health outcomes.
• Analysis of exposure pathways and health correlations.

Main Results:

• PAH exposure is associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes.
• Prenatal and postnatal PAH exposure is linked to childhood disorders like asthma, ADHD, ASD, and pediatric cancers.
• PAHs are implicated in allergic conditions and other childhood health issues.

Conclusions:

• PAHs are hazardous pollutants with significant adverse effects on perinatal and childhood health.
• Understanding PAH mechanisms and exposure is crucial for developing effective prevention and treatment strategies.
• This review highlights the need for informed policies to manage PAH exposure and mitigate associated health risks.