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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Versatility of Protocols for Resistance Training and Assessment Using Static and Dynamic Ladders in Animal Models
08:31

Versatility of Protocols for Resistance Training and Assessment Using Static and Dynamic Ladders in Animal Models

Published on: December 17, 2021

A Mouse Ladder-Climb Protocol Induces Acute Anabolic Signaling and Muscle-Specific Adaptations to Resistance

Mayalen Valero-Breton1,2, Marianny Portal-Rodriguez1,2, Franco Tacchi1,2

  • 1Center for Research on Pandemic Resilience, Faculty of Life Sciences and Institute of Public Health, Universidad Andres Bello., Santiago, Chile.

Acta Physiologica (Oxford, England)
|July 3, 2026
PubMed
Summary

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Ladder climbing exercise in mice effectively mimics human resistance training adaptations. This study shows ladder exercise induces molecular, cellular, and functional muscle growth, supporting its use in animal models.

Area of Science:

  • Exercise Physiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Muscle Adaptation

Background:

  • Human resistance training activates protein synthesis for muscle growth.
  • Animal models struggle to replicate muscle overload, yielding inconsistent results.
  • Investigating novel exercise models is crucial for understanding muscle adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if ladder-based exercise in mice induces adaptations similar to human resistance training.
  • To assess molecular, cellular, and functional responses to ladder exercise.
  • To validate ladder exercise as a model for studying resistance training mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Mice underwent acute or 6-week ladder climbing exercise.
  • Assessed mTOR phosphorylation, protein synthesis markers (puromycin incorporation), and myogenic regulatory factors (MRF) mRNA.
Keywords:
acute responseschronic adaptationsexerciseladder climbresistance trainingskeletal muscle

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Versatility of Protocols for Resistance Training and Assessment Using Static and Dynamic Ladders in Animal Models
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Published on: December 17, 2021

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Published on: December 15, 2023

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  • Measured skeletal muscle strength, fat-free mass, physical performance, and blood lactate.
  • Analyzed sarcomeric proteins, muscle fiber diameter, and satellite cell (SC) quantity and fusion capacity.

    • Main Results:

    • Acute ladder exercise increased mTOR phosphorylation and MRF mRNA.
    • Chronic training enhanced skeletal muscle strength and fat-free mass.
    • Muscle adaptations included increased sarcomeric proteins and fiber diameter.
    • Satellite cell pool expanded with enhanced fusion capacity.

    Conclusions:

    • Ladder-based resistance exercise in mice elicits responses consistent with human training adaptations.
    • This model supports further investigation into the molecular and cellular mechanisms of resistance training.
    • Ladder exercise provides a viable tool for studying muscle overload responses in vivo.