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Related Concept Videos

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches01:23

Transcriptional Regulation: Riboswitches

Riboswitches are RNA elements that regulate gene expression by altering their secondary structures in response to specific effector molecules. These elements, located in the leader regions of certain mRNAs, act as transcriptional regulators by toggling between alternative conformations to control downstream gene expression. Riboswitch-mediated regulation is a precise mechanism for modulating biosynthetic pathways, as exemplified by the riboflavin biosynthesis pathway in Bacillus...
Riboswitches01:56

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...
Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response01:31

Regulation of the Unfolded Protein Response

Inositol-requiring kinase one or IRE1 is the most conserved eukaryotic unfolded protein response (UPR) receptor. It is a type I transmembrane protein kinase receptor with a distinctive site-specific RNase activity. As the binding mechanics of the misfolded proteins with the N-terminal domain of IRE-1 are unclear, three binding models — direct, indirect, and allosteric -- are proposed for receptor activation. Nevertheless, it is known that once a misfolded protein associates with IRE1, it...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form dimers that...
Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps01:23

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 5, 2026

Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution
10:53

Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution

Published on: January 16, 2017

OsTOPBP1C orchestrates rice immunity through a transcription-dependent functional switching.

Quanlin Li1, Yanfeng Jia2, Chunrong Li3

  • 1MOA Key Lab of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, College of Plant Protection, China Agricultural University, Yuanmingyuanxilu No.2, HaiDian District, Beijing 100193, China; Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.1 Beichen West Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing 100101, China.

Plant Communications
|July 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Rice plants adapt to pathogens by coordinating nuclear processes. A key protein, OsTOPBP1C, balances DNA repair and immunity, revealing a sophisticated pathogen strategy for host manipulation.

Keywords:
DNA repairTALEsTranscriptional controlnuclear processsalicylic acid

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Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics In Vivo at High Temporal Resolution Using χCRAC

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Last Updated: Jul 5, 2026

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Isolation of Cognate RNA-protein Complexes from Cells Using Oligonucleotide-directed Elution

Published on: January 16, 2017

Investigating Interactions Between Histone Modifying Enzymes and Transcription Factors in vivo by Fluorescence Resonance Energy Transfer
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Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics In Vivo at High Temporal Resolution Using χCRAC
09:15

Monitoring Protein-RNA Interaction Dynamics In Vivo at High Temporal Resolution Using χCRAC

Published on: May 9, 2020

Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Plant-Pathogen Interactions
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Nuclear processes are crucial for plant adaptation, but their coordination under biotic stress is poorly understood.
  • Rice bacterial blight (BB), caused by Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo), poses a significant threat to rice production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify host factors involved in rice immunity against bacterial blight.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which Xoo manipulates host nuclear processes to evade immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify OsTOPBP1C.
  • Promoter activity assays and transcriptomic analyses to study gene regulation.
  • Investigated the interaction between Xoo effectors, host proteins, and defense pathways.

Main Results:

  • Identified OsTOPBP1C as a key regulator of rice resistance to Xoo.
  • Xoo effector TalDR22GIV suppresses OsTOPBP1C transcription, promoting DNA repair over immunity.
  • OsTOPBP1C exhibits dual roles, shifting towards DNA repair or defense based on its transcription levels.

Conclusions:

  • Pathogens can rewire host nuclear processes to subvert immunity.
  • Host gene transcription dynamically shapes immune plasticity in response to pathogens.
  • OsTOPBP1C acts as a critical node integrating DNA repair and salicylic acid-mediated defense pathways in rice.