REST in central nervous system tumors

The transcription factor REST (RE1-silencing transcription factor) is a key regulator of neuronal gene expression, playing a role in normal brain development and in the pathogenesis of central nervous system (CNS) tumors. By binding RE1 sequences and recruiting repressive complexes, it participates in epigenetic gene silencing, controlling the processes of neurogenesis and cellular differentiation. In CNS tumors, REST exhibits context-dependent effects, most often acting as an oncogene. Deregulation of its expression promotes pro-tumor processes, such as maintaining tumor stem cell properties, inhibiting differentiation, proliferation and increased invasiveness, angiogenesis, adaptation to hypoxia, and shaping the tumor microenvironment. Accumulating evidence indicates its potential as a biomarker and therapeutic target, making REST a promising element of treatment strategies for CNS tumors.