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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 6, 2026

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Generation of Human Chimeric Antigen Receptor Regulatory T Cells

Published on: January 3, 2025

A Sex-Specific Chimeric RNA in Female Immune Regulation: Case Study.

Xinrui Shi^1,2, Loryn Blackburn³, Sandeep Singh³

¹Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)

|July 4, 2026

Summary

Researchers discovered UBA1-CDK16, a female-specific chimeric RNA, impacting myeloid differentiation and potentially influencing immune responses in conditions like COVID-19.

Keywords:

COVID-19 Chimeric RNA Myeloid differentiation Sex-biased immunity UBA1-CDK16

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Immunology

Background:

Sexual dimorphism in diseases is increasingly recognized.
Sex-specific transcriptomes exist in various human systems.
Chimeric RNAs from intergenic splicing offer RNA diversification.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate sex-specific chimeric RNAs.
To identify novel chimeric transcripts and their functions.
To explore the role of chimeric RNAs in disease.

Main Methods:

RNA-Seq data analysis.
Validation in over 1200 blood samples.
Functional assays on myeloid differentiation.

Main Results:

Discovery of UBA1-CDK16, a female-specific chimeric transcript from X-linked genes.
UBA1-CDK16 is enriched in myeloid lineage and regulates myeloid differentiation.
Absence of UBA1-CDK16 correlated with higher neutrophils in female COVID-19 patients.

Conclusions:

Chimeric RNAs can be regulated independently of parental genes.
UBA1-CDK16 represents a novel RNA variant with implications for sexual dimorphism and immunity.
This finding opens new avenues for understanding sex-specific disease pathogenesis.