Knowledge, perception, and attitude toward clinical implementation of pharmacogenomics among healthcare professionals...

As precision medicine advances, integrating pharmacogenomics (PGx) into routine practice requires coordinated efforts among healthcare professionals. This study evaluated the knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions of Pakistani physicians, nurses, and pharmacists toward PGx implementation.

This cross-sectional, prospective, web-based study was carried out employing a self-administered questionnaire involving 1560 respondents across Pakistan.

The respondents comprised 70% males. Most respondents (95%) were in the age range of 20-40 years, and the majority held a bachelor's degree (94%). Pharmacists comprised the largest group (64%), followed by physicians (24%) and nurses (12%). Participants responded from academia (33%), healthcare settings (46%), industry (14%), and regulatory authorities (6.5%). Most (89%) lack exposure to PGx, and only 10% had PGx training. Sixty-one percent had under 5 years of experience. Only 12.8% demonstrated good knowledge, yet positive attitudes (66.6%) and perceptions (67%) predominated. Knowledge was not associated with attitude or perception but was significantly linked with training and experience. Training and experience were significantly tied to positive perceptions, with years of experience showing more consistent associations across domains.

While Pakistani healthcare professionals hold positive attitudes toward PGx, baseline knowledge remains low. Training and experience are key drivers of readiness. There is an urgent need for structured training, professional workshops, and curriculum integration to support PGx adoption in Pakistan.