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Related Concept Videos

P-N junction01:11

P-N junction

A p-n junction is formed when p-type and n-type semiconductor materials are joined together. At the interface of the p-n junction, holes from the p-side and electrons from the n-side begin to diffuse into the opposite sides due to the concentration gradient. This diffusion of carriers leads to a region around the junction where there are no free charge carriers, known as the depletion region. The charge density within the depletion region for the n-side and p-side can be described by the...
Biasing of P-N Junction01:16

Biasing of P-N Junction

The operation of a p-n junction diode involves various biasing conditions, including forward bias, reverse bias, and equilibrium.
In equilibrium, no external voltage is applied across the p-n junction. The depletion region is formed at the junction interface due to the diffusion of carriers, which leaves behind charged dopants, acceptors on the p-side, and donors on the n-side. These immobile charges create an electric field that prevents further diffusion of carriers. The related energy band...

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Low Pressure Vapor-assisted Solution Process for Tunable Band Gap Pinhole-free Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Films
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Electrostatic Potential Tuning by Low-Volatility Halogenated Additive: Boosting PTQ10-Based Binary OPV to Near 20%

Hongyang Lu1, Jiaxu Che2, Lingling Zhan1

  • 1Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Material Technology, College of Materials, Ministry of Education, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, P. R. China.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|July 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a new strategy using a specific additive, BDPE, to improve the efficiency and processability of organic photovoltaics (OPVs). This breakthrough enables thicker films and large-area fabrication for cost-effective production.

Keywords:
PTQ10‐based binaryelectrostatic potentialhigh scalabilitylow‐volatility additiveoptimized exciton behavior

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Organic Electronics
  • Photovoltaics

Background:

  • Commercialization of organic photovoltaics (OPVs) faces challenges due to the trade-off between power conversion efficiency (PCE) and processability for thick-film and large-area applications.
  • Developing effective additives is crucial for optimizing film morphology and device performance in OPVs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of halogenated diphenyl ether additives on the film-forming process and performance of the PTQ10:m-TEH organic photovoltaic system.
  • To identify an additive that enhances both PCE and processability for scalable OPV fabrication.

Main Methods:

  • Screening of three halogenated diphenyl ether additives (o-BPB, p-BPB, BDPE) with varying physical properties.
  • Analysis of additive-induced changes in film morphology, molecular stacking, phase separation, and charge transport dynamics.
  • Fabrication and characterization of organic photovoltaic devices using the optimized additive.

Main Results:

  • BDPE demonstrated superior properties, including lowest electrostatic potential (ESP), maximum electron delocalization, and highest decomposition temperature, facilitating its retention during film drying.
  • BDPE's dibromo-induced negative ESP and π-π complementarity with m-TEH promoted ordered molecular stacking, optimized vertical phase distribution, and reduced energy loss.
  • BDPE-based PTQ10:m-TEH devices achieved a PCE of 19.80% with a short-circuit current density of 30.49 mA cm⁻² at 500 nm thickness.
  • The additive showed universality in other systems (20.11% PCE for D18:L8-BO) and good processability for large-area modules.

Conclusions:

  • BDPE acts as an effective additive by driving directional noncovalent interactions, which optimize film formation and electronic properties in organic photovoltaics.
  • This strategy enables efficient thick-film fabrication and enhances device performance, offering a viable pathway for low-cost, large-scale OPV production.
  • The study provides theoretical insights and engineering approaches for advancing the up-scaling of organic photovoltaic technology.