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Academic overload, ChatGPT use, and resilience: Parallel mediating pathways to academic stress among nursing students
Thuy Thi Pham1, Duc Nu Minh Ton2, Hanh Thi Hong Tran2
1Faculty of Nursing, Da Nang University of Medical Technology and Pharmacy, 99 Hung Vuong, Da Nang, Viet Nam.
Background:
Academic overload is a major contributor to student stress, but its underlying mechanisms remain insufficiently understood, particularly in the context of emerging AI tools such as ChatGPT.
Aim:
To examine the direct and indirect effects of academic overload on academic stress through parallel mediating roles of ChatGPT use and psychological resilience among nursing students.
Methods:
This cross-sectional study involved 409 nursing students from a university in central Vietnam. Participants completed validated self-administered questionnaires assessing academic overload, ChatGPT usage, resilience, and academic stress, along with demographic characteristics. Parallel mediation analysis was conducted using Hayes' Process Macro (Model 4) to examine direct and indirect pathways.
Results:
Academic overload had a significant total effect on academic stress (B = 0.584, p < .001), with 84.6% attributed to the direct effect and 15.4% to indirect effects. Academic overload was associated with resilience (B = -1.223) and higher ChatGPT usage (B = 0.359). Resilience showed a protective effect (B = -0.042), while ChatGPT usage was associated with higher academic stress (B = 0.108), indicating opposing mediating pathways.
Conclusions:
Academic overload exerts its effects on academic stress via opposing pathways, with resilience acting as a protective factor and ChatGPT use as a potential risk factor. Educational strategies should strengthen resilience and support guided, effective use of AI tools to mitigate potential negative impacts on learning and well-being.
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