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KLINK: A program for kinship testing with pairwise linked STR markers.

Magnus D Vigeland1, Siv Gilfillan1

  • 1Department of Forensic Sciences, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, 0424, Norway.

Forensic Science International. Genetics
|July 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

KLINK is a new tool for forensic kinship testing that uniquely combines marker pair linkage and mutation models. This improves accuracy in relationship analysis, outperforming software that only considers one factor.

Keywords:
FamiliasForensic kinship testingKLINKLikelihood ratioLinkagePedsuite

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Genetics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • Existing forensic kinship testing software often handles either marker linkage or mutation models, but not both.
  • This limitation can lead to inaccuracies in likelihood ratio calculations and reduced power in relationship identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce KLINK, a novel, user-friendly tool for forensic kinship testing.
  • To address the gap in software by integrating both linkage between marker pairs and advanced mutation models.
  • To provide a tool suitable for both standard and challenging forensic casework.

Main Methods:

  • Developed KLINK, a computational tool incorporating linkage disequilibrium and mutation models.
  • Conducted realistic simulations using up to 43 markers to evaluate KLINK's performance.
  • Developed an interactive companion app, Linkage Lab, for exploring likelihood ratio behavior.

Main Results:

  • KLINK captured nearly all linkage-related effects on the likelihood ratio in simulations.
  • Ignoring linkage in other methods resulted in substantial likelihood ratio bias and reduced power.
  • KLINK demonstrated suitability for forensic kinship casework with various marker kit sizes.

Conclusions:

  • KLINK effectively integrates linkage and mutation models for more accurate forensic kinship testing.
  • The tool addresses a critical limitation in existing forensic genetics software.
  • KLINK offers a robust solution for casework and is accessible via web or R package.