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Transforming, Genome Editing and Phenotyping the Nitrogen-fixing Tropical Cannabaceae Tree Parasponia andersonii

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Adaptive introgression facilitates tropical plant evolution: Pandanus as a case study.

John M A Wojahn¹, Félix Forest², Olivier Maurin³

¹Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA.

Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution

|July 4, 2026

Summary

Hybridization and adaptive introgression drive tropical tree speciation. This study reveals transoceanic gene flow in Pandanus, with clade Ba bridging Asian and Afro-Malagasy lineages, facilitating adaptation.

Keywords:

Angiosperms353 Drought adaptation Genome conflict Leaf micromorphology Plastomes

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Evolutionary Biology
Genomics

Background:

Hybridization and adaptive introgression are key drivers of plant speciation and diversification.
Their role in tropical clades, particularly tree genera, is understudied.
Pandanus (Pandanaceae) is a globally significant, diverse palaeotropical tree genus with suspected transoceanic hybridization.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate hybridization and adaptive introgression in the tropical tree genus Pandanus.
To assess the genomic basis of suspected transoceanic gene flow.
To understand the mechanisms shaping diversification and adaptation in this genus.

Main Methods:

Genome-wide conflict, gene conflict, and admixture analyses using Angiosperms353 data.
Assessment of transoceanic gene flow pathways (long-distance dispersal vs. bridge clade).
Testing for adaptive introgression using multiple lines of evidence (chloroplast capture, selection, trait distribution, niche overlap).

Main Results:

Strong evidence for bidirectional transoceanic gene flow in Pandanus.
Nuclear clade Ba identified as a crucial genetic and biogeographical bridge between Asian and Afro-Malagasy lineages.
Convergent evolution, not introgression, explains morphological similarity in disjunct swamp lineages.
Adaptive introgression supported in the bridge clade by chloroplast capture, selection patterns, a novel water-storage trait, and niche overlap.

Conclusions:

Hybridization plays a significant role in shaping tropical tree diversity.
Adaptive introgression facilitates ecological adaptation in Pandanus under environmental change.
The study provides insights into evolutionary processes in tropical plant clades, highlighting the importance of gene flow and adaptation.