Biosensors with enzymatic amplification strategies for the detection of foodborne pathogenic microorganisms

Foodborne pathogenic microorganisms pose serious threats to public health, underscoring the critical need for rapid detection methods. Biosensors serve as promising alternatives by integrating biorecognition elements with signal transduction systems, enabling efficient and specific detection of such pathogens. This review systematically summarizes the recent advances in biosensors for the detection of common foodborne pathogenic microorganisms across diverse food matrices, including poultry, vegetables, dairy products, aquatic products, etc., with focus on signal amplification strategies ranging from traditional enzyme catalysis to emerging mimic enzyme-based platforms. Despite considerable progress, several challenges remain, like the limited stability of enzymatic components, interference from complex food matrices, and the need for improved reproducibility and standardization in practical applications. Future research should prioritize the translation of laboratory innovations into field by integrating advanced enzymes and recognition elements, sample pre-concentration techniques, smart devices, and artificial intelligence-driven data analysis, ultimately bridging the gap between proof-of-concept studies and real-world implementation.