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Updated: Jul 6, 2026
06:05
Modified Radical Neck Dissection for Cervical Metastasis
Published on: February 20, 2026
Cervical anatomical variants: Embryological basis and surgical relevance in neck dissection - a narrative review.
Cristiana Moro1, Edoardo Verda1, Andrea Nicola Presta1
1Unit of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, IRCCS AOM Azienda Ospedaliera Metropolitana, Genova, Italy; Departement of Surgical Science (DISC), University of Genoa, School of Medicine, Genova, Italy.
Summary
Understanding anatomical variations during neck dissection (ND) is crucial for surgical safety. This review synthesizes key variations and their embryological origins to improve surgical accuracy and reduce complications in ND procedures.
Area of Science:
- Surgical Anatomy
- Embryology
- Head and Neck Surgery
Background:
- Neck dissection (ND) is vital for managing upper aerodigestive tract malignancies.
- Cervical anatomy is complex and variable, posing risks during ND.
- Knowledge of anatomical variations is essential for minimizing surgical morbidity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To synthesize clinically relevant anatomical variations encountered during ND.
- To link these variations to their embryological origins.
- To enhance surgical accuracy and safety in ND procedures.
Main Methods:
- Conducted a non-systematic literature review of PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar.
- Searched for terms including "anatomic anomalies," "embryological development," and specific cervical structures.
- Synthesized data thematically and supplemented with intraoperative iconographic material.
Main Results:
- Identified numerous variations in key cervical structures (e.g., internal jugular vein, carotid arteries, nerves).
- Observed variations include IJV duplication, atypical nerve-vessel relationships, and variant arterial origins.
- Interpreted identified abnormalities based on embryological mechanisms.
Conclusions:
- A thorough understanding of cervical anatomy and embryology is indispensable for safe ND.
- Awareness of anatomical variations aids in anticipating atypical configurations.
- Recognizing variations helps reduce iatrogenic risk and optimize reconstructive strategies.
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