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Related Concept Videos

Chemiosmosis01:32

Chemiosmosis

Oxidative phosphorylation is a highly efficient process that generates large amounts of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the basic unit of energy that drives many cellular processes. Oxidative phosphorylation involves two processes— the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis.
Electron Transport Chain
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Processes at Electrodes

The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...
Chemiosmosis and ATP Synthesis01:22

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Electron Transport Chains

The final stage of cellular respiration is oxidative phosphorylation that consists of two steps: the electron transport chain and chemiosmosis. The electron transport chain is a set of proteins found in the inner mitochondrial membrane in eukaryotic cells. Its primary function is to establish a proton gradient that can be used during chemiosmosis to produce ATP and generate electron carriers, such as NAD+ and FAD, that are used in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle.
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Hydrogen Production and Utilization in a Membrane Reactor
10:00

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Published on: March 10, 2023

Proton shuttling at electrochemical interfaces under alkaline hydrogen evolution.

Naoki Kuroda1, Airi Katase2, Tomohiro Hayashi2

  • 1Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya, Japan.

Nature Communications
|July 4, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Alkaline electrolysis for sustainable hydrogen production is hindered by a slow hydrogen evolution reaction. This study reveals how potassium ions facilitate proton transfer at the electrode surface, offering insights for improved electrolyzer design.

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Electrochemical water splitting is key for sustainable hydrogen production.
  • Alkaline electrolysis is a cost-effective method but suffers from a slow hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) with poorly understood mechanisms.
  • The role of alkali metal cations in HER is unclear, despite their impact on water structure.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism of the hydrogen evolution reaction in alkaline media.
  • To investigate the influence of alkali metal cations, specifically K⁺, on interfacial water dynamics during HER.
  • To provide molecular-level insights for designing more efficient alkaline electrolysis systems.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) combined with vibrational analysis in a density-of-states format.
  • Employed surface-sensitive terahertz spectroscopy to observe hydrogen-bond dynamics.
  • Studied the KOH/Au interface to analyze water behavior around K⁺ ions.

Main Results:

  • Detected interfacial water dynamics during the hydrogen evolution reaction using SERS.
  • Demonstrated that K⁺ ions influence water molecule motion at the electrode-solution interface.
  • Showed that constrained translational and rotational motion of water around K⁺ facilitates proton shuttling.

Conclusions:

  • Proton shuttling in alkaline HER is significantly influenced by cation-water interactions.
  • The findings offer molecular-level understanding of HER mechanisms in alkaline electrolytes.
  • This research can guide the development of advanced alkaline electrolysis technologies for efficient hydrogen production.