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Artificial general intelligence and the clinical laboratory: a paradigm shift toward Lab 2.0
Koichiro Yuji1,2,3, Wakako Yuji3
1Project Division of International Healthcare Innovation Research, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
|July 5, 2026
Summary
Clinical laboratory medicine is evolving towards "Clinical Lab 2.0," a proactive model using artificial intelligence (AI) to improve patient outcomes. This shift involves AI-driven risk stratification and targeted interventions, redefining the role of lab professionals.
Area of Science:
- Clinical laboratory medicine
- Artificial intelligence in healthcare
- Health informatics
Background:
- Clinical laboratory medicine faces challenges including workforce shortages, data complexity, and rapid AI advancements.
- The potential arrival of artificial general intelligence (AGI) necessitates a reevaluation of the clinical laboratory's value creation.
- Current models (Clinical Lab 1.0) are reactive, focusing on test confirmation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To propose a transition to "Clinical Lab 2.0," a proactive, lab-initiated care loop.
- To outline how increasingly capable AI can accelerate this transition and enhance laboratory value.
- To reconceptualize laboratory professionals as "Diagnostic Data Scientists" governing AI-assisted workflows.
Main Methods:
- Synthesizing three converging AI capabilities: agentic reasoning for biomarker surveillance, causal world modeling via "Virtual Cells," and medical digital twin integration.
- Proposing a conceptual roadmap for AI-accelerated laboratory medicine.
- Integrating interoperable infrastructures aligned with HL7 FHIR standards.
Main Results:
- A vision for "Clinical Lab 2.0" where laboratories proactively stratify risk, close care gaps, prompt interventions, and measure patient outcome impact.
- The integration of AI capabilities to support longitudinal biomarker surveillance and causal modeling.
- A framework for laboratory professionals as "Diagnostic Data Scientists" managing AI-driven workflows.
Conclusions:
- The trajectory of AI necessitates a shift towards a proactive "Clinical Lab 2.0" model.
- AI integration, including agentic reasoning, virtual cells, and digital twins, can accelerate this paradigm shift.
- New algorithmic quality indicators (aQIs) are proposed for continuous AI model performance monitoring, though empirical validation is required.
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