Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 7, 2026
![The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F54498.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
The Synthesis of [Sn10(Si(SiMe3)3)4]2- Using a Metastable Sn(I) Halide Solution Synthesized via a Co-condensation Technique
Published on: November 28, 2016
Cooperative Effects in the Inverse Coordination Complexes of Aromatic Azines and Tin(IV) Halides
1Department of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Lodz, Pomorska 163/165, 90236 Lodz, Poland.
Abstract:
In this work, a series of model inverse coordination complexes composed of one aromatic azine molecule (pyrimidine, pyrazine, 1,2,4-triazine, 1,3,5-triazine, and 1,2,4,5-tetrazine) and two SnX4 (X = F, Cl, Br, I) molecules has been investigated using quantum chemical calculations. These 1:2 complexes demonstrate a rare structural motif─as evidenced by the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD)─in which a single "naked" azine center forms two N→Sn coordinate bonds simultaneously. Calculations reveal that the two bonds influence one another and, consequently, the 1:2 complexes exhibit longer N→Sn bonds and weaker interactions between the azine and SnX4 fragments than the corresponding 1:1 conventional complexes. Thus, the studied inverse coordination complexes are characterized by negative cooperative effects (or anticooperativity) between their N→Sn bonds. This conclusion is supported by an occurrence of the destabilizing three-body nonadditive contribution to the total interaction energy calculated at the CCSD(T)/CBS level of theory. The origin of the anticooperativity has been unveiled by the analysis of electron charge distribution and the fundamental physical nature of individual many-body contributions to the total interaction energy. Overall, this work shows how cooperative effects, together with the proper choice of azine center, can modulate the strength of N→Sn bonds in tin(IV) inverse coordination complexes.
More Related Videos
19:58Palladium N-Heterocyclic Carbene Complexes: Synthesis from Benzimidazolium Salts and Catalytic Activity in Carbon-carbon Bond-forming Reactions
Published on: July 30, 2017
11:45Preparation of Stable Bicyclic Aziridinium Ions and Their Ring-Opening for the Synthesis of Azaheterocycles
Published on: August 22, 2018
Related Concept Videos
Valence Bond Theory
Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling
Structural Isomerism
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Coordination Number and Geometry
Nucleophilic Aromatic Substitution: Elimination–Addition
Stereoisomerism
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...