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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

SECONDs Administration Guidelines: A Fast Tool to Assess Consciousness in Brain-injured Patients
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Executive function in functional/dissociative seizures: screening using the frontal assessment battery.

Rasa Zafari1, Amir Reza Bahadori2, Nazila Shahmansouri3

  • 1School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Epilepsy & Behavior : E&B
|July 5, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Functional/dissociative seizures (FDS) are linked to executive dysfunction. The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) effectively screens for these deficits in FDS patients, differentiating them from healthy individuals.

Keywords:
Cognitive dysfunctionExecutive functionFrontal assessment batteryFunctional/dissociative seizuresNeuropsychological assessmentPsychogenic nonepileptic seizures

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuropsychology

Background:

  • Functional/dissociative seizures (FDS) are characterized by seizure-like episodes with a biopsychosocial etiology.
  • Executive dysfunction is increasingly recognized as a potential comorbidity in individuals with FDS.
  • The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) is a validated tool for assessing executive functions in neurological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) performance and executive screening profiles in patients with FDS.
  • To compare FAB performance between individuals with FDS and healthy controls.
  • To evaluate the discriminative capacity of the FAB in distinguishing FDS from healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • The study included 50 individuals diagnosed with FDS and 50 healthy controls recruited from epilepsy clinics.
  • Independent-samples t-tests were employed to compare FAB scores between the FDS group and the control group.
  • Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was performed to determine the FAB's discriminative accuracy.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with FDS exhibited significantly lower mean FAB scores compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001).
  • Significant differences were noted in most FAB subdomains, including conceptualization, mental flexibility, motor programming, sensitivity to interference, and inhibitory control.
  • The FAB demonstrated strong discriminative performance between FDS patients and healthy controls, with an Area Under the Curve (AUC) of 0.909.

Conclusions:

  • The Frontal Assessment Battery (FAB) shows promise as a practical bedside screening tool for executive dysfunction in FDS.
  • Further research is warranted to establish the FAB's clinical utility in differentiating FDS from epileptic disorders.