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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Isolation and Time-Lapse Imaging of Primary Mouse Embryonic Palatal Mesenchyme Cells to Analyze Collective Movement Attributes
07:13

Isolation and Time-Lapse Imaging of Primary Mouse Embryonic Palatal Mesenchyme Cells to Analyze Collective Movement Attributes

Published on: February 13, 2021

Cleft lip∕palate. From embryology to developmental pathogenesis.

Marcello Guarino1

  • 1Department of Anatomical Pathology, Hospital of Vimercate, Italy; marcello.guarino@gmail.com.

Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology = Revue Roumaine De Morphologie Et Embryologie
|July 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are common birth defects with unclear causes. Understanding normal lip and palate development is key to studying these orofacial anomalies.

Keywords:
biological basesmorphogenesis of the liporofacial cleftspalatogenesispathogenesis

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Last Updated: Jul 7, 2026

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Craniofacial Development
  • Birth Defects Research

Background:

  • Cleft lip and palate (CLP) are frequent congenital anomalies with incompletely understood developmental mechanisms.
  • Normal lip and palate formation involve complex, integrated biological events, including cell survival, migration, growth, and differentiation.
  • Disruptions in these intricate developmental processes lead to the clefting phenotype.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of the embryological development of the lip and secondary palate.
  • To elucidate the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying normal orofacial morphogenesis.
  • To explore the mechanisms of deviant development resulting in cleft lip and palate.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on orofacial development.
  • Analysis of findings from genetically engineered animal models.
  • Examination of data from in vitro palate culture studies.

Main Results:

  • Emphasizes the complexity of lip and palate formation, involving coordinated cellular and molecular events.
  • Highlights the conservation of craniofacial development mechanisms across vertebrates, validating animal models for human studies.
  • Identifies failures in coordinated developmental processes as the cause of various cleft types.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive understanding of normal lip and palate embryogenesis is crucial for investigating CLP.
  • Cellular and molecular pathways are central to both normal development and the etiology of clefts.
  • Further research integrating findings from animal models and in vitro studies will advance CLP understanding.