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Complement System-Related Genes in Diabetic Nephropathy: Screening for Potential Targets of the Mechanism
Lifang Wei1, Ye Li2, Yuhui Lu3
1Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China.
Journal of Diabetes Research
|July 6, 2026
Summary
This study identifies five complement system-related genes (CKB, ANXA1, HSPA1L, CYP27B1, XYLT1) as potential diagnostic biomarkers for diabetic nephropathy (DN). These genes offer new insights into DN pathogenesis and clinical diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Nephrology and Immunology
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
Background:
- Diabetic nephropathy (DN) is a major diabetes complication driven by inflammation.
- The complement system is a key inflammatory factor implicated in DN pathophysiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To identify diagnostic biomarkers related to the complement system in DN using bioinformatics.
- To explore immune microenvironment differences and causal links between biomarkers and DN.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of public datasets (GSE96804, GSE104948, GSE1009) using differential expression analysis and machine learning.
- Construction of a diagnostic nomogram and immune infiltration analysis.
- Gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and Mendelian randomization (MR).
Main Results:
- Five complement system-related genes (CSRGs) identified: CKB, ANXA1, HSPA1L, CYP27B1, and XYLT1.
- A highly accurate diagnostic nomogram was constructed.
- Significant immune cell subset differences and pathway alterations (e.g., OXPHOS) were observed between DN and control groups.
- MR confirmed HSPA1L as a risk factor for DN.
Conclusions:
- The identified five CSRGs show potential as diagnostic biomarkers for DN.
- These genes may play significant roles in DN progression.
- Findings provide a foundation for further DN research and clinical molecular marker development.
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