The influence of social media on young athletes' mental health: a cross-sectional study

Social media use has become highly prevalent among young athletes. While social media platforms can promote social connection and support, they may also contribute to stress, anxiety, sleep disturbances, body image concerns and online abuse. However, limited research has specifically explored these effects in athletic populations. This study aimed to assess the influence of social media on young athletes' mental health and to examine whether age, sex, sport type, competitive level and platform used affected these perceptions.

A cross-sectional online survey was completed by 912 athletes aged 12-24 years. The questionnaire explored social media exposure, perceived impact on wellbeing and performance, self-regulation strategies and experiences of online abuse. Associations between athlete characteristics and reported outcomes were analysed using multivariable logistic regression models.

Daily use of at least one platform was reported by 93.4% of athletes, and 63.6% indicated that social media interfered with training or recovery. Perceived effects were ambivalent: 57.1% reported receiving encouragement or sport-related support online, whereas 47.7% reported negative effects on sleep quality and 25.4% reported stress or anxiety related to social media use. Pressure to maintain an online image was reported by 29.2% of athletes and was more frequent among females and older athletes. Greater exposure time was associated with stronger negative effects on sleep, mood, self-image and feelings of isolation. Online abuse was reported by 10.4% of athletes, although only a minority sought support.

Social media plays a dual role in young athletes' lives, providing opportunities for connection and support while also exposing them to psychological vulnerabilities and digital pressures. These findings highlight the importance of targeted education, safeguarding strategies and monitoring of digital habits, as usage volume appears to be a key determinant of impact.