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Racial Differences in Psychosocial Outcomes Among Prostate Cancer Survivors: Insights From the All of Us Research
Johnny Wang1, Hannah Cho2, Angelina T Wang2
1Department of Urology, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, USA.
Cureus
|July 6, 2026
Summary
Black prostate cancer survivors reported similar or better quality of life and mental health outcomes compared to White survivors. Socioeconomic factors explained racial differences in depression, highlighting challenges in assessing psychological distress.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Psychiatry
- Health Disparities
Background:
- Prostate cancer (PCa) survivorship presents significant psychological distress.
- Racial disparities in mental health outcomes among PCa survivors are not fully understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate associations between race and post-diagnosis depressive episodes and patient-reported psychosocial outcomes in a diverse PCa survivor cohort.
- To compare Non-Hispanic White (NHW) and Black PCa survivors using multivariable logistic regression.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional study using the NIH All of Us Research Program Controlled Tier Dataset (version 8).
- Included adults with electronic health records (EHR)-documented PCa who completed post-diagnosis surveys.
- Compared NHW and Black participants, adjusting for age, time since diagnosis, socioeconomic factors, comorbidities, and baseline depression.
Main Results:
- Among 4,524 PCa survivors, 12.4% were Black and experienced greater socioeconomic disadvantage.
- Racial differences in EHR-documented depression were explained by socioeconomic factors (adjusted OR 0.80, p=0.119).
- Black survivors reported similar or more favorable psychosocial outcomes, including better quality of life (adjusted OR 0.75, p=0.005).
Conclusions:
- Racial disparities in PCa survivorship depression are largely mediated by socioeconomic factors.
- Patient-reported psychosocial outcomes were similar or more favorable in Black survivors compared to NHW survivors.
- Divergence between clinical diagnoses and patient-reported measures indicates challenges in assessing psychological distress across diverse populations.
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