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Time-Resolved Dynamics of Semiconductor Nanolaser via Four-Wave Mixing Gating.

Federico Monti¹, Guilhem Madiot², Giuseppe Modica¹

¹Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, CNRS, Université Paris-Saclay, Palaiseau 91120, France.

ACS Photonics

|July 6, 2026

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We developed a novel four-wave mixing gating technique for picosecond time-domain characterization of photonic-crystal nanolasers. This method reveals how spontaneous emission noise causes time jitter, impacting nanolaser dynamics near threshold.

Area of Science:

Photonics
Quantum Optics
Semiconductor Lasers

Background:

Photonic-crystal nanolasers are crucial for integrated optics.
Characterizing their ultrafast dynamics is essential for device optimization.
Existing methods lack sufficient time resolution for nanolaser emission dynamics.

Purpose of the Study:

To demonstrate direct time-domain characterization of nanolasers.
To investigate the influence of excitation regimes on emission dynamics.
To elucidate the role of noise and timing fluctuations in nanolaser temporal behavior.

Main Methods:

Nonlinear optical gating using four-wave mixing (FWM).
Picosecond time-resolved measurements of nanolaser emission.
Hybrid excitation combining pulsed and continuous-wave (CW) components.

Keywords:

four-wave-mixing nanolasers photonics-crystal semiconductor-lasers ultrafast-dynamics

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Langevin-based simulations for theoretical analysis.

Main Results:

Achieved picosecond time resolution for nanolaser characterization.
Observed reduced buildup time and noise sensitivity with hybrid excitation.
Identified pulse-to-pulse timing fluctuations as a key factor.
Simulations confirmed spontaneous emission noise causes time jitter and temporal dispersion.

Conclusions:

Four-wave mixing gating is a powerful technique for probing nanolaser dynamics.
Spontaneous emission noise significantly influences temporal dispersion via time jitter.
Understanding these dynamics is vital for developing high-performance nanolasers.