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Related Concept Videos

Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry01:22

Immunocytochemistry and Immunohistochemistry

Immunocytochemistry (ICC) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) are techniques that use antibodies to check for specific proteins or antigens in a sample. The technique was first published by Albert Coons in 1941 to detect the presence of pneumococcal antigen in tissue sections from mice infected with Pneumococcus. Immunocytochemistry helps localization of proteins or antigens in individual cells like blood cells, stem cells, etc., while immunohistochemistry does the same for tissue samples.
These...
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Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets01:29

Pharmacogenomics: Identification of New Drug Targets

Advances in genomics have profoundly influenced drug discovery by increasing both the speed and accuracy of pharmaceutical development. Pharmacogenomics, which examines how genetic variation influences drug response, facilitates the identification of novel therapeutic targets and enables patient stratification for personalized treatment. These strategies contribute to improved drug efficacy, minimized adverse effects, and more efficient clinical trial design.Mapping genetic differences...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Automated Multiplex Immunofluorescence Panel for Immuno-oncology Studies on Formalin-fixed Carcinoma Tissue Specimens
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Immunohistochemistry (IHC) Versus Genomic Profiling in Cancer: Roles in Precision Medicine.

Yassir M Elshami1, Abuobaida Abukhelaif2, Omer A Elrheima3

  • 1Histopathology, Laboratory and Blood Bank, King Khaled Hospital, Najran, SAU.

Cureus
|July 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

Genomic profiling offers superior tumor characterization compared to immunohistochemistry (IHC) in precision oncology. Integrating genomic testing is crucial for accurate biomarker assessment and optimal treatment selection.

Keywords:
actionable mutationsbiomarker discordancegenomic profilingimmunohistochemistrynext-generation sequencingprecision medicineprecision oncology

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Precision oncology relies on accurate biomarker assessment for targeted therapies.
  • Immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a traditional method but has limitations for molecularly driven treatments.
  • Genomic profiling via next-generation sequencing (NGS) detects genetic alterations missed by protein-based tests.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and compare the contributions of IHC and genomic profiling in tumor diagnostic accuracy and therapeutic management.
  • To assess how these methods impact precision oncology across solid tumors.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review following PRISMA 2020 guidelines.
  • Searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies comparing IHC and genomic profiling.
  • Included 15 studies that evaluated biomarker assessment in precision oncology.

Main Results:

  • Genomic profiling identified actionable alterations missed by IHC, including gene fusions, exon skipping, copy-number alterations, and mutations.
  • High discordance between IHC and genomic profiling was noted for ALK, ROS1, MET exon 14, HER2, MMR, and PTEN.
  • Genomic testing refined molecular classification and expanded eligibility for targeted and immunotherapies.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic technologies provide comprehensive tumor characterization beyond protein biomarkers.
  • While IHC is useful for initial screening, integrating genomic testing is essential for optimal treatment selection in precision oncology.