Integrative multi-omics profiling reveals coordinated immunometabolic reprogramming and host-microbiome interactions...

Area of Science:

• Gastroenterology
• Immunology
• Microbiome Research

Background:

• Acute pancreatitis (AP) is a severe inflammatory condition with complex causes.
• Existing research using single-omics approaches has limitations in understanding AP's intricate mechanisms.
• Limited comprehensive multi-omics studies exist on the interplay of immunity, metabolism, and the microbiome in AP.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct an integrative multi-omics analysis of AP.
• To investigate interactions between immunity, metabolism, and the gut microbiome in AP.
• To identify potential diagnostic biomarkers for AP.

Main Methods:

• Peripheral blood transcriptomics, plasma metabolomics, and fecal metagenomics were analyzed.
• Differentially expressed genes, metabolites, and microbial species were identified.
• Correlation network analysis and machine learning were used to explore interactions and identify biomarkers.

Main Results:

• Significant immune gene enrichment (NF-κB, IL-17 pathways) and metabolic alterations (amino acid, lipid) were observed.
• Gut microbiome analysis showed enrichment of pro-inflammatory bacteria and depletion of beneficial SCFA-producers.
• Multi-omics integration revealed 215 correlations, and a random forest model identified potential biomarkers with high classification performance (AUC = 0.951).

Conclusions:

• This study provides a systems-level view of AP's immune, metabolic, and microbial landscape.
• Identified molecular signatures and interactions offer mechanistic insights into AP pathogenesis.
• Candidate biomarkers warrant further validation in larger cohorts for clinical application.