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An In vitro Model to Study Immune Responses of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells to Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection
09:01

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Published on: December 10, 2013

Epidemiological characteristics of human parainfluenza virus infection in hospitalized children: a single-center

Yuzhe Guo1, Huilin Zhou1, Weiqin Jiang1

  • 1Department of Emergency, Shanghai Children's Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Public Health
|July 6, 2026
PubMed

Insights

Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) infections commonly hospitalize children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in Shanghai, particularly those under 3 years old. Summer outbreaks and coinfections with other pathogens increase pneumonia severity.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Human parainfluenza virus (HPIV) is a significant pathogen causing acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs) in children.
  • Understanding HPIV epidemiology is crucial for managing pediatric respiratory illnesses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the epidemiological characteristics of HPIV infections in hospitalized children with ARTIs in Shanghai.
  • To provide evidence for optimizing diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for pediatric ARTIs.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study analyzed data from 29,260 children hospitalized with ARTIs between January 2021 and December 2024.
  • Epidemiological factors including age, sex, seasonality, and coinfections were examined.

Main Results:

  • HPIV was detected in 5.1% of hospitalized children, with higher rates in those aged 1-3 years (8.1%) and infants under 1 year (7.4%).
  • Infections peaked in summer (9.4%), and coinfections (28.9%) with pathogens like rhinovirus and Mycoplasma pneumoniae were linked to severe pneumonia.
  • A higher detection rate was observed in 2021 compared to subsequent years.

Conclusions:

  • HPIV is a major cause of pediatric ARTI hospitalizations in Shanghai, with a summer peak and higher risk in children under 3.
  • Mixed infections increase the risk of severe pneumonia, necessitating clinical awareness and targeted management strategies.
Abstract

Keywords:
acute respiratory tract infectionschildrencoinfectionsepidemiologyhuman parainfluenza virusseasonal variation

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