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Published on: September 2, 2022
Nanoparticle-Based Antigen Delivery: Advancing Immunization Strategies against Infectious Pathogens
Surajit Patra1,2, Nida Irfan Pathan1,2, Yogesh A Karpe1,2
1Nanobioscience Group, Agharkar Research Institute, Pune 411004, India.
Biomaterials Research
|July 6, 2026
Summary
Nanoparticle (NP)-based vaccines enhance antigen delivery and immune responses against pathogens. These nanovaccines stimulate adaptive immunity by maturing dendritic cells and activating T-cells for improved vaccine efficacy.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Nanotechnology
- Vaccinology
Background:
- Adaptive immunity is crucial for defending against infectious diseases.
- Conventional vaccine development faces challenges in administration, safety, and immunogenicity.
- Nanoparticle (NP)-based vaccines offer a promising approach to overcome these limitations.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the role of NPs in vaccine development.
- To explore how NPs enhance antigen delivery, stability, and immune response.
- To discuss the application of nanovaccines against various pathogens and cancers.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on NP-based vaccines.
- Analysis of NP properties influencing vaccine efficacy.
- Examination of immune responses elicited by nanovaccines in vitro and in vivo.
Main Results:
- NPs improve antigen delivery, provide protection, and act as adjuvants in vaccines.
- NP-based vaccines effectively stimulate and mature dendritic cells (DCs).
- Nanovaccines enhance cytokine production and activate Th1/Th2 cells, promoting T-cell and antibody-mediated immunity.
Conclusions:
- NP-based vaccines represent a significant advancement in vaccine technology.
- Nanovaccines demonstrate potential for developing effective immunizations against viral, bacterial, and cancerous agents.
- Further research into NP properties and safety is warranted for optimal nanovaccine design.
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