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Related Concept Videos

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply01:24

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
Hypoxia01:23

Hypoxia

Hypoxia is a medical condition characterized by an inadequate oxygen supply to body tissues. It typically manifests as a bluish discoloration of the skin and mucosae, especially in fair-skinned individuals, when hemoglobin (Hb) saturation drops below 75%.
Types of Hypoxia
There are four primary types of hypoxia, each resulting from a different cause:
1. Anemic hypoxia: This type occurs due to insufficient oxygen delivery caused by a lack of red blood cells (RBCs) or RBCs with abnormal or...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...

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Related Experiment Videos

Integrative Transcriptomic Analysis Identifies Hypoxia-responsive Cell Cycle Hub Genes as Prognostic Markers in

Manish K Sharma1, Jonita Chongtham2, Ashish Bhushan2

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, Delhi, India.

Annals of Neurosciences
|July 6, 2026
PubMed
Summary

This study reveals key genes that regulate cell cycle and immune responses in glioblastoma (GBM) under hypoxia. These identified hypoxia-responsive genes show prognostic value and potential for GBM treatment.

Keywords:
Glioblastomabioinformaticscell cycle regulationhub geneshypoxiaprognosis

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive brain cancer with poor outcomes, often driven by hypoxia.
  • The precise temporal regulation of cell cycle genes during sustained hypoxia in GBM is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To profile transcriptomic changes in GBM under varying oxygen levels (graded hypoxia).
  • To identify critical regulatory genes that respond to hypoxia in GBM.

Main Methods:

  • U87MG and LN229 GBM cells were cultured under normoxia and graded hypoxia.
  • Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified and analyzed to construct protein-protein interaction networks.
  • Hub genes were extracted, and functional enrichment analysis was performed.
  • Prognostic relevance was assessed using GlioVis and ONCOMINE datasets; qRT-PCR validated gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Two functional modules related to cell cycle regulation and chemokine signaling were identified from 275 DEGs.
  • Eighteen hub genes were significantly associated with mitotic processes and GBM progression.
  • Seventeen of these hub genes correlated with poor overall survival in GBM patients.
  • Hub gene expression showed dynamic changes, peaking early in hypoxia and decreasing with prolonged exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Key hypoxia-responsive genes controlling cell cycle and immune modulation in GBM have been identified.
  • These genes possess significant prognostic value and represent potential therapeutic targets for GBM.