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Chemically stabilized MgF₂-Ag-Al₂O₃ SPR biosensor for label-free brain tumor detection.

Walaa M Nouman¹, Arafa H Aly², Fatma A Sayed²

¹Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University Egypt.

|July 6, 2026

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This study introduces an advanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for label-free brain tumor identification. The novel sensor accurately distinguishes healthy, primary, and metastatic brain tissues with high sensitivity and stability.

Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Nanotechnology
Optical Sensing

Background:

Accurate and early detection of brain tumors is crucial for effective treatment.
Existing diagnostic methods can be invasive or lack sufficient sensitivity.
Label-free biosensing offers a promising approach for rapid and sensitive biological sample analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and optimize an advanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensor for label-free identification of primary and metastatic brain tumors.
To evaluate the sensor's performance using clinically relevant refractive index values of human brain tissues.
To assess the stability and potential for biofunctionalization of the proposed sensor design.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a multilayer SPR biosensor structure including SF66 prism, MgF2 buffer, silver plasmonic layer, and Al2O3 protective film via atomic layer deposition (ALD).

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Optimization of the sensor design to achieve high figure of merit (FOM) and angular sensitivity.

Simulation and analysis of resonance-angle shifts using refractive index values for healthy, primary tumor, and metastatic brain tissues.

Investigation of temperature effects on sensor performance at physiological temperatures.

Main Results:

The optimized SPR biosensor achieved a high figure of merit (FOM) of 42.89 RIU⁻¹ and angular sensitivity of 56.55° RIU⁻¹.
The sensor demonstrated clear resonance-angle shifts differentiating healthy brain tissue (2.34°) from metastatic lesions (8.48°).
The ALD-grown Al2O3 coating ensured long-term stability and preserved optical performance, with potential for biofunctionalization.

Conclusions:

The proposed SPR biosensor platform is a rapid, sensitive, and clinically relevant tool for distinguishing between healthy, primary, and metastatic brain tissues.
The sensor's robust design and high performance indicate its potential for improved brain tumor diagnostics.
Further development could integrate biofunctionalization for enhanced specificity in clinical applications.